Commentary for Taanit 51:3
מתני׳ <big><strong>בשלשה</strong></big> פרקים בשנה כהנים נושאין את כפיהן ארבע פעמים ביום בשחרית במוסף במנחה ובנעילת שערים בתעניות ובמעמדות וביום הכפורים
[SERVICE], AT MUSAF,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Additional Service.');"><sup>5</sup></span> AT MINHAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Afternoon Service.');"><sup>6</sup></span> AND AT THE CLOSING OF THE GATES [NE'ILAH].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. [I.e. at the service held at the end of the day about the time of the closing of the gates of the Temple. This service is now represented by the Ne'ilah service on the Day of Atonement.]');"><sup>7</sup></span>
Rashi on Taanit
When the gates close -- The Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Berachot, in the chapter [beginning with] "the morning prayer", defines when the "closing" occurs. One opinion is that it refers to the gates of the temple, and one opinion is that it refers to the gates of heaven, which are closed close to evening at the completion of prayers. And it was customary to add the Neilah prayer on all public fast days the same way we do on Yom Kippur.
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