Taanit 51

אלא על נפש שבעה וכרס מלאה איני והא רב פפא איקלע לבי כנישתא דאבי גובר וגזר תענית וירדו להם גשמים עד חצות ואמר הלל ואחר כך אכלו ושתו שאני בני מחוזא דשכיחי בהו שכרות:

only when the appetite is satisfied and the stomach is full? Is that so? Did not R'Papa on one occasion when coming to the synagogue at Abi-Cobar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A place in the vicinity of the city of Mahuza. v. Obermeyer, pp. 177-8.');">¹</span>

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך סדר תעניות אלו</strong></big><br><br>

ordain a fast and rain fell before midday and yet he first recited the Hallel and only after that the people ate and drank! - It is different with the people of Mahuza, because drunkenness is frequent amongst them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence they cannot be trusted to leave over the Hallel until they had eaten and drunk.');">²</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ON THREE OCCASIONS OF THE YEAR, ON FAST-DAYS, ON MA'AMADOTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. infra 27a.');">³</span> AND ON THE DAY OF ATONEMENT DO THE PRIESTS LIFT UP THEIR HANDS TO BLESS [THE PEOPLE] FOUR TIMES DURING THE DAY, NAMELY AT THE SHAHARITH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Morning Service.');">⁴</span>

מתני׳ <big><strong>בשלשה</strong></big> פרקים בשנה כהנים נושאין את כפיהן ארבע פעמים ביום בשחרית במוסף במנחה ובנעילת שערים בתעניות ובמעמדות וביום הכפורים

[SERVICE], AT MUSAF,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Additional Service.');">⁵</span> AT MINHAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Afternoon Service.');">⁶</span> AND AT THE CLOSING OF THE GATES [NE'ILAH].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. [I.e. at the service held at the end of the day about the time of the closing of the gates of the Temple. This service is now represented by the Ne'ilah service on the Day of Atonement.]');">⁷</span>

אלו הן מעמדות לפי שנאמר (במדבר כח, ב) צו את בני ישראל את קרבני לחמי וכי היאך קרבנו של אדם קרב והוא אינו עומד על גביו

THE FOLLOWING ARE [THE DETAILS CONCERNING] THE MA'AMADOTH. BECAUSE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. GEMARA:');">⁸</span> IT IS SAID, COMMAND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL [AND SAY UNTO THEM]: MY FOOD WHICH IS PRESENTED UNTO ME.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVIII, 2.');">⁹</span>

התקינו נביאים הראשונים עשרים וארבעה משמרות על כל משמר ומשמר היה מעמד בירושלים של כהנים של לוים ושל ישראלים

NOW HOW CAN A MAN'S OFFERING BE BROUGHT [ON THE ALTAR] AND HE IS NOT PRESENT? [THEREFORE] THE EARLIER PROPHETS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Samuel and David. Cf. supra 27a.');">¹⁰</span> INSTITUTED TWENTY-FOUR MISHMAROTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Twenty-four divisions of lay people as well as of priests and levites, v. supra 27b.');">¹¹</span>

הגיע זמן המשמר לעלות כהנים ולוים עולים לירושלים וישראל שבאותו משמר מתכנסין לעריהן וקוראין במעשה בראשית (ואנשי המעמד היו מתענין ארבעה ימים בשבוע מיום ב' ועד יום חמישי ולא היו מתענין ערב שבת מפני כבוד השבת ולא באחד בשבת כדי שלא יצאו ממנוחה ועונג ליגיעה ותענית וימותו)

AND EACH MISHMAR WAS REPRESENTED [AT THE TEMPLE] IN JERUSALEM BY ITS OWN MA'AMAD OF PRIESTS, LEVITES AND ISRAELITES. WHEN THE TIME CAME FOR THE MISHMAR TO GO UP [TO JERUSALEM] THE PRIESTS AND LEVITES WENT UP TO JERUSALEM AND THE ISRAELITES OF THAT MISHMAR ASSEMBLED IN THEIR CITIES AND READ [FROM THE LAW] THE STORY OF CREATION.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. I.');">¹²</span> THE MEN OF THE [ISRAELITE] MA'AMAD FASTED ON FOUR DAYS OF THAT WEEK, FROM MONDAY TO THURSDAY; THEY DID NOT FAST ON FRIDAY OUT OF RESPECT FOR THE SABBATH NOR ON SUNDAY IN ORDER NOT TO CHANGE OVER [WITHOUT A BREAK] FROM THE REST AND DELIGHT [OF THE SABBATH] TO WEARINESS AND FASTING AND SO [PERHAPS] DIE.

ביום הראשון בראשית ויהי רקיע בשני יהי רקיע ויקוו המים בשלישי יקוו המים ויהי מאורות ברביעי יהי מאורות וישרצו המים בחמישי ישרצו המים ותוצא הארץ בששי ותוצא הארץ ויכלו השמים

ON SUNDAY [THEY READ],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. I, 1-8. Three were the minimum number of verses each person was permitted to read. As three persons (Priest, Levite and Israelite) read from the Law, there were not sufficient verses in any one section for the reading, and therefore two sections had to be coupled. Even then on some days (e.g., Sunday and Monday) a verse had to be repeated because the two sections did not have the minimum number of nine verses.');">¹³</span> IN THE BEGINNING, AND, LET THERE BE A FIRMAMENT; ON MONDAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 6-13.');">¹⁴</span> LET THERE BE A FIRMAMENT, AND, LET THE WATERS BE GATHERED TOGETHER; ON TUESDAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 9-19.');">¹⁵</span>

פרשה גדולה קורין אותה בשנים והקטנה ביחיד בשחרית במוסף ובמנחה נכנסין וקורין על פיהן כקורין את שמע ערב שבת במנחה לא היו נכנסין מפני כבוד השבת

LET THE WATERS BE GATHERED TOGETHER, AND, LET THERE BE LIGHTS; ON WEDNESDAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 14-23.');">¹⁶</span> LET THERE BE LIGHTS, AND, LET THE WATERS SWARM; ON THURSDAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 20-31.');">¹⁷</span> LET THE WATERS SWARM, AND, LET THE EARTH BRING FORTH; ON FRIDAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 24-31 and II, 1-3.');">¹⁸</span>

כל יום שיש בו הלל אין מעמד בשחרית קרבן מוסף אין בנעילה קרבן עצים אין במנחה דברי ר' עקיבא

LET THE EARTH BRING FORTH, AND, AND THE HEAVENS [AND THE EARTH] WERE FINISHED. TWO PERSONS READ BETWEEN THEM A LONG SECTION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Containing at least six verses.');">¹⁹</span> AND ONE A SHORT SECTION.

אמר לו בן עזאי כך היה רבי יהושע שונה קרבן מוסף אין במנחה קרבן עצים אין בנעילה חזר רבי עקיבא להיות שונה כבן עזאי

AT SHAHARITH, MUSAF, AND MINHAH THEY ASSEMBLED AND READ [THE REQUISITE] SECTION BY HEART, IN THE SAME WAY AS PEOPLE RECITE THE SHEMA'. THEY DID NOT ASSEMBLE AT MINHAH ON FRIDAY OUT OF RESPECT FOR THE SABBATH. ON ANY DAY WHEN HALLEL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The name for the collection of Psalms, CXIII-CXVIII recited on festivals or semi-festivals like Hanukkah. [Here the reference is to Hanukkah, when Hallel is read but not Musaf.]');">²⁰</span>

זמן עצי כהנים והעם תשעה באחד בניסן בני ארח בן יהודה בעשרים בתמוז בני דוד בן יהודה בחמשה באב בני פרעוש בן יהודה בשבעה בו בני יונדב בן רכב בעשרה בו בני סנאה בן בנימן בחמשה עשר בו בני זתוא בן יהודה

WAS RECITED THERE WAS NO MA'AMAD [SERVICE]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the reading of the section from Genesis.');">²¹</span> AT SHAHARITH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So as not to take up too much time. The same reason applies for the absence of a Ma'amad on days when there is Musaf and wood-offering.');">²²</span> [ON THE DAY WHEN] A MUSAF-OFFERING [WAS BROUGHT] THERE WAS NONE.

ועמהם כהנים ולוים וכל מי שטעה בשבטו ובני גונבי עלי ובני קוצעי קציעות

AT NE'ILAH, [ON THE DAY OBSERVED AS] THE WOOD-FESTIVAL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra ');">²³</span> THERE WAS NONE AT MINHAH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Provided the celebrants of the wood-festival were the members of the particular division on service, Me'iri.]');">²⁴</span> THIS IS THE OPINION OF R'AKIBA.

בעשרים בו בני פחת מואב בן יהודה בעשרים באלול בני עדין בן יהודה באחד בטבת שבו בני פרעוש שניה באחד בטבת לא היה בו מעמד שהיה בו הלל וקרבן מוסף וקרבן עצים

BEN 'AZZAI SAID TO HIM: THUS DID R'JOSHUA LEARN: [ON THE DAY WHEN] A MUSAF-OFFERING [WAS BROUGHT] THERE WAS NONE AT MINHAH; [ON THE DAY OBSERVED AS] THE WOOD-FESTIVAL THERE WAS NONE AT THE CLOSING OF THE GATES. THEREUPON R'AKIBA RETRACTED AND LEARNT LIKE BEN 'AZZAI. NINE TIMES IN THE YEAR [WAS OBSERVED] THE WOOD-FESTIVAL OF THE PRIESTS AND THE PEOPLE; ON THE FIRST OF NISAN THE FAMILY OF ARAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 10.');">²⁵</span>

חמשה דברים אירעו את אבותינו בשבעה עשר בתמוז וחמשה בתשעה באב בשבעה עשר בתמוז

OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH BROUGHT THE OFFERING OF WOOD; ON THE TWENTIETH OF TAMMUZ THE FAMILY OF DAVID OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [There is no record of this family in Neh. VII].');">²⁶</span> ON THE FIFTH OF AB THE FAMILY OF PAROSH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 8.');">²⁷</span> OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH; ON THE SEVENTH OF THE SAME MONTH, THE FAMILY OF JONADAB OF THE RECHABITES;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Kings X, 15.');">²⁸</span> ON THE TENTH OF THE SAME MONTH THE FAMILY OF SENAAH OF THE TRIBE OF BENJAMIN;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 38.');">²⁹</span> ON THE FIFTEENTH OF THE SAME MONTH THE FAMILY OF ZATTU<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 13.');">³⁰</span> OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH, AND WITH THEM WERE THE PRIESTS AND LEVITES AND ALL THOSE WHO WERE NOT CERTAIN OF THEIR TRIBE AND THE BENE GONBE 'ALI AND THE BENE KOZE KEZI'OTH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. GEMARA:');">³¹</span> ON THE TWENTIETH OF THE SAME MONTH THE FAMILY OF PAHATH MOAB<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 11.');">³²</span> OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH; ON THE TWENTIETH OF ELUL THE FAMILY OF ADIN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. VII, 20.');">³³</span> OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH; ON THE FIRST OF TEBETH THE FAMILY OF PAROSH A SECOND TIME; ON THE FIRST OF TEBETH THERE WAS NO MA'AMAD FOR THEREON THERE WAS HALLEL, MUSAF-OFFERING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it was New Moon and Hanukah.');">³⁴</span> AND THE WOOD-FESTIVAL. FIVE MISFORTUNES BEFELL OUR FATHERS ON THE SEVENTEENTH OF TAMMUZ AND FIVE ON THE NINTH OF AB. ON THE SEVENTEENTH OF TAMMUZ