Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Taanit 52

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1

נשתברו הלוחות ובטל התמיד והובקעה העיר ושרף אפוסטמוס את התורה והעמיד צלם בהיכל

THE TABLES [OF THE LAW] WERE SHATTERED, THE DAILY OFFERING WAS DISCONTINUED, A BREACH WAS MADE IN THE CITY AND APOSTOMOS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. J.E. s.v.');"><sup>1</sup></span> BURNED THE SCROLL OF THE LAW AND PLACED AN IDOL IN THE TEMPLE. ON THE NINTH OF AB IT WAS DECREED THAT OUR FATHERS SHOULD NOT ENTER THE [PROMISED] LAND, THE TEMPLE WAS DESTROYED THE FIRST AND SECOND TIME, BETHAR WAS CAPTURED AND THE CITY [JERUSALEM] WAS PLOUGHED UP.

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2

בתשעה באב נגזר על אבותינו שלא יכנסו לארץ וחרב הבית בראשונה ובשניה ונלכדה ביתר ונחרשה העיר

WITH THE BEGINNING OF AB REJOICINGS ARE CURTAILED. DURING THE WEEK IN WHICH THE NINTH OF AB FALLS IT IS FORBIDDEN TO CUT THE HAIR AND TO WASH CLOTHES BUT ON THE THURSDAY IT IS PERMISSIBLE IN HONOUR OF THE SABBATH. ON THE EVE OF THE NINTH OF AB ONE MAY NOT PARTAKE OF A MEAL OF TWO COURSES NOR EAT MEAT NOR DRINK WINE.

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3

משנכנס אב ממעטין בשמחה שבת שחל תשעה באב להיות בתוכה אסור מלספר ומלכבס ובחמישי מותרין מפני כבוד השבת ערב תשעה באב לא יאכל אדם שני תבשילין לא יאכל בשר ולא ישתה יין רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר ישנה רבי יהודה מחייב בכפיית המטה ולא הודו לו חכמים

RABBAN SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: ONE SHOULD MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN HIS DIET. R'JUDAH MAKES IT OBLIGATORY TO TURN THE BED OVER;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus sleep and sit on the ground as a sign of mourning, v. infra.');"><sup>2</sup></span> THE SAGES, HOWEVER, DID NOT AGREE WITH HIM IN THIS.

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4

אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל לא היו ימים טובים לישראל כחמשה עשר באב וכיוה"כ שבהן בנות ירושלים יוצאות בכלי לבן שאולין שלא לבייש את מי שאין לו כל הכלים טעונין טבילה

R'SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: THERE NEVER WERE IN ISRAEL GREATER DAYS OF JOY THAN THE FIFTEENTH OF AB AND THE DAY OF ATONEMENT. ON THESE DAYS THE DAUGHTERS OF JERUSALEM<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Var. lec.: 'the sons of Israel'. That the same, however, applies to the daughters is clear from the Baraitha cited in the Gemara infra 31a.]');"><sup>3</sup></span> USED TO WALK OUT IN WHITE GARMENTS WHICH THEY BORROWED IN ORDER NOT TO PUT TO SHAME ANY ONE WHO HAD NONE.

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5

ובנות ירושלים יוצאות וחולות בכרמים ומה היו אומרות בחור שא נא עיניך וראה מה אתה בורר לך אל תתן עיניך בנוי תן עיניך במשפחה (משלי לא, ל) שקר החן והבל היופי אשה יראת ה' היא תתהלל ואומר (משלי לא, לא) תנו לה מפרי ידיה ויהללוה בשערים מעשיה

ALL THESE GARMENTS REQUIRED RITUAL DIPPING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In case they had been worn by a woman in a state of uncleanness and so became unclean. Cf. Lev. XV, 19ff.');"><sup>4</sup></span> THE DAUGHTERS OF JERUSALEM CAME OUT AND DANCED IN THE VINEYARDS EXCLAIMING AT THE SAME TIME, YOUNG MAN, LIFT UP THINE EYES AND SEE WHAT THOU CHOOSEST FOR THYSELF. DO NOT SET THINE EYES ON BEAUTY BUT SET THINE EYES ON [GOOD] FAMILY.

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6

וכן הוא אומר (שיר השירים ג, יא) צאינה וראינה בנות ציון במלך שלמה בעטרה שעטרה לו אמו ביום חתונתו וביום שמחת לבו ביום חתונתו זה מתן תורה וביום שמחת לבו זה בנין בית המקדש שיבנה במהרה בימינו:

GRACE IS DECEITFUL, AND BEAUTY IS VAIN; BUT A WOMAN THAT FEARETH THE LORD, SHE SHALL BE PRAISED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. XXXI, 30. rnut tuv lfu');"><sup>5</sup></span> AND IT FURTHER SAYS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Mishnah ed. Lowe reads: ' , and thus he said', the quotation which follows being the answer of the young man, v. Malter.]');"><sup>6</sup></span> GIVE HER OF THE FRUIT OF HER HANDS; AND LET HER WORKS PRAISE HER IN THE GATES.

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7

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בשלשה פרקים בשנה כהנים נושאין את כפיהם כו': תעניות ומעמדות מי איכא מוסף חסורי מיחסרא והכי קתני בשלשה פרקים כהנים נושאין את כפיהן כל זמן שמתפללין ויש מהן ארבעה פעמים ביום שחרית ומוסף מנחה ונעילת שערים ואלו הן שלשה פרקים תעניות ומעמדות ויום הכפורים

LIKEWISE IT SAYS, GO FORTH, O YE DAUGHTERS OF ZION, AND GAZE UPON KING SOLOMON, EVEN UPON THE CROWN WHEREWITH HIS MOTHER HATH CROWNED HIM IN THE DAY OF HIS ESPOUSALS, AND IN THE DAY OF THE GLADNESS OF HIS HEART.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cant. III, 11. The Song of Songs has ever been regarded by the Rabbis as an allegory depicting the love of Israel for God.');"><sup>7</sup></span> 'ON THE DAY OF HIS ESPOUSALS:' THIS REFERS TO THE DAY OF THE GIVING OF THE LAW.' AND IN THE DAY OF THE GLADNESS OF HIS HEART:' THIS REFERS TO THE BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE; MAY IT BE REBUILT SPEEDILY IN OUR DAYS.

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8

א"ר נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה זו דברי רבי מאיר אבל חכמים אומרים שחרית ומוסף יש בהן נשיאת כפים מנחה ונעילה אין בהן נשיאת כפים

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>ON THREE OCCASIONS OF THE YEAR DO THE PRIESTS LIFT UP THEIR HANDS [TO BLESS THE PEOPLE]. Is there then MUSAF ON FAST-DAYS and ON MA'AMADOTH? - There is a clause wanting [in our Mishnah]. It should read thus: 'on three occasions do the priests lift up their hands [to bless the people] at all services, and on one of these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Day of Atonement.');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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9

מאן חכמים ר' יהודה היא דתניא שחרית ומוסף מנחה ונעילה כולן יש בהן נשיאת כפים דברי ר"מ ר"י אומר שחרית ומוסף יש בהן נשיאת כפים מנחה ונעילה אין בהן נשיאת כפים רבי יוסי אומר נעילה יש בה נשיאת כפים מנחה אין בה נשיאת כפים

occasions four times during the day, at the Shaharith [service], at Musaf, at Minhah and at the closing of the Gates. The following are the three occasions, Fast-days, Ma'amadoth and the Day of Atonement'. R'Nahman said in the name of Rabbah B'Abbuha: This is the opinion of R'Meir.

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10

במאי קמיפלגי רבי מאיר סבר כל יומא טעמא מאי לא פרשי כהני ידייהו במנחתא משום שכרות האידנא ליכא שכרות

The Sages, however, say: At Shaharith and at Musaf there is 'lifting up of hands' but at Minhah or at Ne'ilah there is no 'lifting up of hands'. Who are meant by 'the Sages'? - It is R'Judah. For it has been taught: At all [services, namely] at Shaharith, at Musaf, at Minhah and at Ne'ilah there is 'lifting up of hands'; this is the opinion of R'Meir.

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11

רבי יהודה סבר שחרית ומוסף דכל יומא לא שכיח שכרות לא גזרו בהו רבנן מנחה ונעילה דכל יומא שכיחא שכרות גזרו בהו רבנן

R'Judah says: At Shaharith and at Musaf there is 'liftin up of hands' but at Minhah or Ne'ilah there is no 'lifting up of hands'. R'Jose says: At Ne'ilah there is 'lift up of hands' but at Minhah there is no 'lifting up of hands'. Wherein do they differ?

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12

רבי יוסי סבר מנחה דאיתה בכל יומא גזרו בה רבנן נעילה דליתה בכל יומא לא גזרו בה רבנן

R'Meir holds the view that the reason why on ordinary days the priests do not 'lift up their hands' at Minhah is because of the likelihood of intoxication,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The priest may likely be intoxicated. A priest in a state of intoxication may not officiate in the Temple. Cf, Lev. X, 9.');"><sup>9</sup></span> but on the days [cited above] the question of Intoxication does not arise.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on fast days. On Ma'amadoth and the Day of Atonement. The men of the Ma'amad fasted four fasts. Cf. infra 27b.');"><sup>10</sup></span> R'Judah takes the view that as drunkenness during [the time of] Shaharith and Musaf on ordinary days is not usual the Rabbis did not prohibit the lifting up of hands [at these services on fast-days also], whereas at [the time of] Minhah and Ne'ilah since on ordinary days drunkenness is quite a likely occurrence the Rabbis prohibited the 'lifting up of hands' [at these services even on fast-days].

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13

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב הלכה כרבי מאיר ורבי יוחנן אמר נהגו העם כרבי מאיר ורבא אמר מנהג כרבי מאיר

R'Jose holds the view that the Rabbis confined their restriction to the Minhah only seeing that it is read every day, but they did not to the Ne'ilah which is not read every day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is read only on all fast-days (Rashi) . [Others: only on the Day of Atonement, v. R. Hananel and Me'iri.]');"><sup>11</sup></span> R'Judah said in the name of Rab: The halachah is in accordance with the view of R'Meir. R'Johanan said: The people followed the view of R'Meir.

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14

מאן דאמר הלכה כרבי מאיר דרשינן לה בפירקא מאן דאמר מנהג מידרש לא דרשינן אורויי מורינן ומאן דאמר נהגו אורויי לא מורינן ואי עביד עביד ולא מהדרינן ליה

And Raba said: The established custom is in accordance with the view of R'Meir. On the view that the halachah is according to R'Meir we teach it [explicitly] in the school sessions; but if we say that the established custom is according to R'Meir, then we should not teach it explicitly in the school sessions but we may give our decisions in accordance with it; if, however, we say that the people followed the view of R'Meir then we do not definitely give a decision in accordance with it, but should one have acted on it we do not declare his action null. But R'Nahman said: The halachah is according to R'Jose.

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15

ורב נחמן אמר הלכה כרבי יוסי והלכה כרבי יוסי והאידנא מ"ט פרשי כהני ידייהו במנחתא דתעניתא כיון דבסמוך לשקיעת החמה קא פרשי כתפלת נעילה דמיא

And the halachah is [indeed] according to R'Jose. But nowadays why do the priests 'lift up their hands' [to bless the people] on fast-days at Minhah? - As they lift up their hands [in blessing] very near sunset<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [On fast-days Minhah was recited close to sunset; v. supra 12b. R. Gershom refers this only to 'the Day of Atonement.]');"><sup>12</sup></span> it is as if this was the Ne'ilah [service].

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16

דכולי עלמא מיהת שכור אסור בנשיאת כפים מנהני מילי אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי משום בר קפרא למה נסמכה פרשת כהן מברך לפרשת נזיר לומר מה נזיר אסור ביין אף כהן מברך אסור ביין

It is, however, generally agreed that an intoxicated [priest] may not lift up his hands [in benediction]. Whence is this view adduced? - R'Joshua B'Levi said in the name of Bar Kappara: Why does the section dealing with [the blessing by] the priest follow immediately after the portion of the Nazirite?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI, 1-21; the priestly section ibid. 22-27.');"><sup>13</sup></span> In order to teach you that, just as the Nazirite is forbidden to drink wine, so too is the priest about to recite the priest benediction.

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17

מתקיף לה אבוה דרבי זירא ואמרי לה אושעיא בר זבדא אי מה נזיר אסור בחרצן אף כהן מברך אסור בחרצן א"ר יצחק אמר קרא לשרתו ולברך בשמו מה משרת מותר בחרצן אף כהן מברך מותר בחרצן

The father of R'Zera, and some say Oshaiah B'Zabbda, demurred to this: [If that is so], then just as the Nazirite is forbidden to eat the shells<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'kernels'.');"><sup>14</sup></span> [of grapes], so too should the priest about to recite the priestly benediction be forbidden [to eat] the 'shells of grapes'. -R'Isaac replied: Scripture says, To minister unto Him and to bless in His name;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. X, 8.');"><sup>15</sup></span> [from this is to be inferred] that just as the officiating priest may e the shells [of grapes]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Scripture forbids expressly the drinking of wine only. Cf. Lev. X, 9.');"><sup>16</sup></span> so too may the priest about to recite the priestly benediction.

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