Halakhah for Berakhot 20:30
(א"ד) א"ר יצחק א"ר יוחנן א"ר יוסי בר' חנינא משום ראב"י כל האוכל ושותה ואח"כ מתפלל עליו הכתוב אומר (מלכים א יד, ט) ואותי השלכת אחרי גויך אל תקרי גויך אלא גאיך אמר הקב"ה לאחר שנתגאה זה קבל עליו מלכות שמים:
There are some who declare that R. Isaac stated that R. Johanan said in the name of R. Eliezer b. Jacob : Whoever eats and drinks and afterwards otFers his prayers, concerning him the Scriptures say, "Thou hast cast Me behind thy back" (I Kings xiv. 9). Read not geweka "thy back," but geeka "thy pride." The Holy One, blessed be He, says, "After this person has exalted himself, he receives upon himself the kingdom of Heaven."
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim
It is forbidden to busy one's self with his own needs or to get on the road before praying the prayer of 18 [i.e. the Amidah] (and there are those who are lenient [to allow this] after they have said some of the blessings before saying Baruch She-amar, but is good to be stringent in this - Terumat HaDeshen 18) nor may one eat or drink, but one may drink water before prayer, both on a weekday and on Shabbat or Yom Tov, and likewise, foods or drinks for medicinal purpose is allowed.
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