Arakhin 32

Chapter 32

א הא בפרהסיא
1 the other in public.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he slandered in private the incense procures atonement, as it, too, functions in private. If he slandered in public the robe, emitting sound, procures atonement for the act of sound which is his sin.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב בעא מיניה רבי שמואל בר נדב מרבי חנינא ואמרי לה רבי שמואל בר נדב חתניה דרבי חנינא מרבי חנינא ואמרי לה מרבי יהושע בן לוי מה נשתנה מצורע שאמרה תורה (ויקרא יג, מו) בדד ישב מחוץ למחנה מושבו הוא הבדיל בין איש לאשתו בין איש לרעהו לפיכך אמרה תורה בדד ישב וגו'
2 R'Samuel B'Elnadab asked of R'Hanina, or as others say. R'Samuel B'Nadab, the son-in-law of R'Hanina, asked of R'Hanina; or, according to still others, asked of R'Joshua B'Levi: Wherein is the leper different that the Torah said: He shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his dwelling be?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 46.');"><sup>2</sup></span> He separated a husband from his wife, a man from his neighbour, therefore said the Torah: 'He shall dwell alone'. R'Joshua B'Levi said: Wherein is the leper different that the Torah said: Two living clean birds<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIV, 4.');"><sup>3</sup></span> [he should bring] so that he may become pure again?
ג אמר רבי יהודה בן לוי מה נשתנה מצורע שאמרה תורה יביא {ויקרא י״ד:ד׳ } שתי ציפרים לטהרתו אמר הקב"ה הוא עושה מעשה פטיט לפיכך אמרה תורה יביא קרבן פטיט
3 The Holy One, blessed be He, said: He did the work of a babbler, therefore let him offer a babbler as a sacrifice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The slanderer babbled, hence his sacrifice is chosen from babblers. The babblers may yet teach him the folly of babbling.');"><sup>4</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX, 17.');"><sup>5</sup></span> One might have believed one may only not smite him, slap him, curse him, therefore the text states: 'In thy heart'; Scripture speaks of 'hatred in th heart'. Whence do we know that if a man sees something unseemly in his neighbour, he is obliged to reprove him? Because it is said: Thou shalt surely rebuke.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX, 17. Lit., 'rebuking thou shalt rebuke'. The repetition of the word indicates the obligation to repeat the reproof, even though it was not accepted when administered first.');"><sup>6</sup></span> If he rebuked him and he did not accept it, whence do we know that he must rebuke him again?
ד תנו רבנן (ויקרא יט, יז) לא תשנא את אחיך בלבבך יכול לא יכנו לא יסטרנו ולא יקלקלנו ת"ל בלבבך שנאה שבלב הכתוב מדבר
4 The text states: 'surely rebuke' all ways. One might assume [this to be obligatory] even though his face blanched, therefore the text states: 'Thou shalt not bear sin because of him'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX, 17. Lit., 'rebuking thou shalt rebuke'. The repetition of the word indicates the obligation to repeat the reproof, even though it was not accepted when administered first.');"><sup>6</sup></span> It was taught [in a Baraitha]: R'Tarfon said, I wonder whether there is any one in this generation who accepts reproof, for if one says to him: Remove the mote from between your eyes, he would answer: Remove the beam from between your eyes! R'Eleazar B'Azariah said: I wonder if there Is one in this generation who knows how to reprove! R'Johanan B'Nuri said: I call heaven and earth to witness for myself that often was Akiba punished<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Sifre Deut. I, 'was rebuked'. v. Finkelstein. Akiba p. 113.].');"><sup>7</sup></span> through me because I used to complain against him before our Rabban, Gamaliel Beribbi,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. v. Marginal Gloss. The reference is to R. Gamaliel of Jamnia; cur. edd. R. Simeon b. Rabbi.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ה מנין לרואה בחבירו דבר מגונה שחייב להוכיחו שנאמר (ויקרא יט, יז) הוכח תוכיח הוכיחו ולא קבל מנין שיחזור ויוכיחנו תלמוד לומר תוכיח מכל מקום יכול אפי' משתנים פניו ת"ל לא תשא עליו חטא
5 and all the more he showered love upon me, to make true what has been said: Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee; reprove a wise man and he will love thee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. IX, 8.');"><sup>9</sup></span> R'Judah son of R'Simeon B'Pazzi asked of R'Simeon B'Pazzi: What is preferable: reproof with honest purpose or false modesty?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a man to pretend to be unworthy of administering reproof, whereas in fact it is the fear of arousing hatred that deters him from doing his duty in this respect.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - He answered: Won't you agree that true modesty is better,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In A.Z. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> for a Master said: Modesty is the greatest of them all? Thus also is false modesty preferable. For Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: By all means let a man engage in the study of the Torah and in good deeds, even if not for their own sake, because through the work for an ulterior purpose he will arrive at the stage of doing [good] for its own sake.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Hor. Sonc. ed., p. 75, n. 10.');"><sup>12</sup></span> What is honest reproof and what is false modesty? - For instance the case of R'Huna and Hiyya B'Rab who were sitting before Samuel, when Hiyya B'Rab said: Sir, look how he is vexing me greatly.
ו תניא א"ר טרפון (תמיהני) אני אם יש בדור הזה שמקבל תוכחה אם אמר לו טול קיסם מבין עיניך אמר לו טול קורה מבין עיניך אמר רבי אלעזר בן עזריה תמיהני אם יש בדור הזה שיודע להוכיח
6 He [R'Huna] undertook not to vex him any more. After he [the former] left, he [R'Huna] said: He did this and that [unseemly] thing. Whereupon Samuel said: Why did you not tell him that to his face? He replied: Forbid that the seed of Rab should be put to shame through me!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The false modesty of R. Huna expressed itself in this: He would vex Hiyya, to suggest his displeasure at his unseemly behaviour (whatever it was) , but he would not disgrace him by direct reproach, while reporting his misbehaviour in his absence.');"><sup>13</sup></span> How far shall reproof be administered? Rab said: Until he [the reprover] be beaten.
ז ואמר רבי יוחנן בן נורי מעיד אני עלי שמים וארץ שהרבה פעמים לקה עקיבא על ידי שהייתי קובל עליו לפני רבן (שמעון ברבי) וכל שכן שהוספתי בו אהבה לקיים מה שנאמר (משלי ט, ח) אל תוכח לץ פן ישנאך הוכח לחכם ויאהבך
7 Samuel said: Until he be cursed. R'Johanan sad: Until he be rebuked. This is a point at issue between Tannaim.
ח בעא מיניה רבי יהודה בריה דר' שמעון תוכחה לשמה וענוה שלא לשמה הי מינייהו עדיפא אמר ליה ולא מודית דענוה לשמה עדיפא דאמר מר ענוה גדולה מכולם שלא לשמה נמי עדיפא דאמר רב יהודה אמר רב לעולם יעסוק אדם בתורה ובמצות אע"פ שלא לשמה שמתוך שלא לשמה בא לשמה
8 R'Eliezer said: Until he be beaten. R'Joshua said: Until he be cursed. Ben 'Azzai said: Until he be rebuked. Said R'Nahman B'Isaac: All the three expounded one Scriptural verse; [It is written:] Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan and he said unto him: Thou son of perverse rebellion, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own shame, and unto the shame of thy mother's nakedness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Sam. XX, 30.');"><sup>14</sup></span> And it is written: And Saul cast his spear at him to smite him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 33.');"><sup>15</sup></span> The one who said [above] 'Until he be beaten' [said so] because it is written: 'to smite him'; the other who said: 'Until he be cursed' [said so] because it is written: 'to thine own shame and to the shame of thy mother's nakedness'; the other, who said: 'Until he be rebuked' [said so] because it is written: 'Then Saul's anger was kindled'. But according to him who says: 'Until he be shouted at', does not Scripture mention 'beating' and 'cursing'? - That was different, because for his great love of David, Jonathan risked his life even further.
ט היכי דמי תוכחה לשמה וענוה שלא לשמה כי הא דרב הונא וחייא בר רב הוו יתבי קמיה דשמואל אמר ליה חייא בר רב חזי מר דקא מצער לי קביל עליה דתו לא מצער ליה בתר דנפיק אמר ליה הכי והכי קא עביד אמר ליה אמאי לא אמרת ליה באנפיה אמר ליה חס לי דליכסוף זרעיה דרב על ידאי
9 How far shall a man suffer before changing his lodging? - Rab said: Until he is beaten, Samuel said: Until they throw his bundles over his shoulder. Where he himself is beaten there is no dispute [that it is proper for him to leave]; similarly if they threw his bundles over his shoulder, there is likewise no dispute. They are of conflicting opinion only in case his wife is beaten, one holding: 'As long as he himself is not vexed what difference does it make'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Maharsha.');"><sup>16</sup></span> The other's view being: 'It will end in a quarrel [ultimately]'. Why all that [deliberation]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why undergo so much suffering before changing one's lodging? Is there any significance in this seemingly trivial act?');"><sup>17</sup></span> - Because a Master said: A boarder [constantly changing his lodging] discredits others and himself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Frequent change of lodging brings disgrace upon him who changes, because he will acquire the reputation of a man hard-to-please, as well as upon the lodging place, which will be regarded as unsatisfactory.');"><sup>18</sup></span> R'Judah in the name of Rab said: Whence is derived from the Torah the view that a man should not change his lodging? Because it is said: [And he went] unto the place where his tent had been at the beginning.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XIII, 3.');"><sup>19</sup></span> R'Jose B'Hanina said: [It is derived] from here: And he went on his [former] journeys.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He who based his view on 'where his tent had been' would not object to a change from a casual dwelling, because 'his tent' suggests a certain permanency. whereas he who emphasized the Biblical 'he went on his journeys' would want to see the place of any of his journeys revisited.');"><sup>20</sup></span> What is the practical difference between them? - There is this difference: the case of a casual lodging.
י עד היכן תוכחה רב אמר עד הכאה ושמואל אמר עד קללה ורבי יוחנן אמר עד נזיפה כתנאי רבי אליעזר אומר עד הכאה רבי יהושע אומר עד קללה בן עזאי אומר עד נזיפה
10 R'Johanan said: Whence do we know that a man should not change his occupation and that of his forebears? As it is said: And King Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on his father's side.');"><sup>21</sup></span> and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings VII, 13-14.');"><sup>22</sup></span> and a Master said: His mother was of the house of Dan;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Var. lec. and it is written, the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan (II Chron. II, 13) ].');"><sup>23</sup></span> and it is written: And I behold I have appointed him with Ohaliab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXI, 6. This indicates that the family all through the centuries intervening had practised the same profession.');"><sup>24</sup></span> At what stage do [Divine] visitations commence?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Below which they are not 'chastisements' for sins committed in this world, so that one may look forward to a future existence, in which one will derive but the fruits of one's good deeds on earth, having received the punishments for misdeeds whilst yet on earth. Everything below the stage of chastisement is but unimportant annoyance of no compensating quality.');"><sup>25</sup></span> - R'Eleazar said: If a man had, for example, a garment woven for him to wear and it does not fit him. Raba the younger (or, as others say.
יא אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק ושלשתן מקרא אחד דרשו {שמואל א כ ל} ויחר אף שאול ביהונתן ויאמר לו בן נעות המרדות וכתיב {שמואל א כ לג} ויטל שאול את החנית עליו להכותו
11 R'Ze'ira; or again. as others say. R'Samuel B'Nahmani) demurred to this: But more than that was said.'
יב למאן דאמר עד הכאה דכתיב להכותו ולמאן דאמר עד קללה דכתיב {שמואל א כ ל} לבשתך ולבושת ערות אמך ולמאן דאמר עד נזיפה דכתיב ויחר אף שאול
12 Even if it had been intended to serve him [the wine] hot, and it was served cold to him; or it was intended to be served cold, and it was served hot to him [is accounted as a divine visitation]', and you say [only] at that stage? Mar, the son of Rabina, said: Even if his shirt gets turned inside out. Raba (or, as others say, R'Hisda, or again, as some say. R'Isaac, or as it was said, it was taught in a Baraitha) : Even if he puts the hand into his pocket to take out three [coins] and he takes out but two.
יג ולמ"ד נזיפה הכתיב הכאה וקללה שאני התם דאגב חביבותא יתירא דהוה ביה ליהונתן בדוד מסר נפשיה טפי
13 Now this is only in the case [where he intended to take out] three, and [took out] two, but not if [he meant to take] two and three came into his hand, because it is no trouble to throw it back. But why all this [information]? - Because the School of R'Ishmael taught: Anyone upon whom forty days have passed without [divine] visitation, had received his world.
יד עד היכן לא ישנה אדם באכסניא שלו רב אמר עד הכאה ושמואל אמר עד שיפשלו לו כליו לאחוריו
14 In the West [Palestine] they say:
טו בהכאה דידיה כולי עלמא לא פליגי בהפשלת כליו לאחוריו כולי עלמא נמי לא פליגי כי פליגי בהכאה דדביתהו מר סבר כיון דלדידיה לא מצער ליה מאי נפקא ליה מינה ומר סבר אתי לאיטרודי
15 
טז וכל כך למה דאמר מר אכסנאי פוגם ונפגם
16 
יז אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מנין שלא ישנה אדם באכסניא שלו מן התורה שנאמר {בראשית י״ג:ג׳} (אל) המקום אשר היה שם אהלו בתחלה
17 
יח רבי יוסי ברבי חנינא אמר מהכא (בראשית יג, ג) וילך למסעיו מאי בינייהו איכא בינייהו אכסנאי דאקראי
18 
יט אמר ר' יוחנן מנין שלא ישנה אדם מאומנותו ומאומנות אבותיו שנאמר (מלכים א ז, יג) וישלח המלך שלמה ויקח את חירם מצר בן אשה אלמנה הוא ממטה נפתלי ואביו איש צרי חרש נחושת
19 
כ ואמר מר אימיה מבית דן וכתיב {שמות ל״א:ו׳} אתו [את] אהליאב בן אחיסמך למטה דן
20 
כא עד היכן תכלית יסורין אמר רבי אלעזר כל שארגו לו בגד ללבוש ואין מתקבל עליו מתקיף לה רבא זעירא ואיתימא רבי שמואל בר נחמני גדולה מזו אמרו אפילו נתכוונו למזוג בחמין ומזגו לו בצונן בצונן ומזגו לו בחמין ואת אמרת כולי האי
21 
כב מר בריה דרבינא אמר אפילו נהפך לו חלוקו רבא ואיתימא רב חסדא ואיתימא רבי יצחק ואמרי לה במתניתא תנא אפילו הושיט ידו לכיס ליטול שלש ועלו בידו שתים
22 
כג דווקא שלש ועלו בידו שתים אבל שתים ועלו בידו שלש לא דליכא טירחא למישדייהו
23 
כד וכל כך למה דתניא דבי רבי ישמעאל כל שעברו עליו ארבעים יום בלא יסורין קיבל עולמו במערבא אמרי
24