Arakhin 36

כענין שנאמר

in the same manner as it is said: From his head even unto his feet,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 12 in connection with the signs of leprosy.');">¹</span>

(ויקרא יג, יב) מראשו ועד רגליו ראשו ולא ראשו בכלל רגליו ולא רגליו בכלל

where it means, '[from] his head [on]', but his head is not included; and '[unto his] feet', but his feet are not included;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra.');">²</span>

ת"ל

therefore it is said: Until th one and twentieth day of the month at even.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XII, 18, the words 'at even', at the end of the day, include the seventh, and 'at even' is also written in connection with the first day in the same verse.');">³</span>

(שמות יב, יח) עד יום האחד ועשרים לחודש בערב

- Rabbi said: This was not necessary: 'first' [itself] means the first inclusive, and 'seventh' the seventh inclusive! You might even say that our Mishnah is In accord with Rabbi.

רבי אומר

Here, however, the Scriptural verses are balanced.

אינו צריך ראשון וראשון בכלל שביעי ושביעי בכלל

For it is written: From a month old even unto five years old,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 6.');">⁴</span>

אפי' תימא רבי שקולי משקלי קראי מכדי כתיב

why then [state] From five years old even unto twenty years old?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 5.');">⁵</span>

(ויקרא כז, ו) מבן חודש ועד בן חמש שנים תו מבן חמש (ועד בן כ') למה לי

Therefore they are balanced.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fifth year as well as the twentieth (vv. 3 and 5) could be counted as belonging to either of the periods. Therefore the verses are suspended in meaning, indeterminate, and it is only the inference from analogy of expression which establishes the correct meaning.');">⁶</span>

הילכך אישתקלו להו

The Master has said: 'his head'.

אמר מר

but his head is not included; 'his feet', but the feet are not included.

ראשו ולא ראשו בכלל רגליו ולא רגליו בכלל

Whence do we know that? - If you like, say: Because the signs [of leprosy] on the body are different from those on the head;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The signs on the head are yellow thin hair, whereas the signs on the body are white hair, and spreading in the skin.');">⁷</span>

מנלן

or, if you like, say: As far as appeareth to the priest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XIII, 12. The priest could not see the sign on the head because of the hair, nor between the toes, in one view, as required.');">⁸</span>

איבעית אימא

R'ELIEZER SAYS: [THIS RULE HOLDS GOOD] UNTIL THEY ARE A MONTH AND A DAY BEYOND THE YEARS CONCERNED.

שאני סימנים דגופו מסימנים דראשו

It was taught: R'Eliezer said, Here it is said, 'and upward', and there it is said, 'and upward';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. III, 43. with reference to the counting of the Levites. Any Levite of over one month old, even if it be but one day, was included in the counting.');">⁹</span>

איבעית אימא

just as there the meaning is 'from a month and one day', so here a month and one day.

(ויקרא יג, יב) לכל מראה עיני הכהן:

But say perhaps: Just as there 'one day' so here, too.'

ר"א אומר

one day'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since here the addition is but one day, perhaps it ought to be exactly alike with the years in the case of valuations.');">¹⁰</span>

עד שיהו יתירות על השנים חודש ויום אחד:

- Of what value would the analogy then be?

תניא ר"א אומר

Our Rabbis taught: The year mentioned in connection with consecrated animals, the year stated in connection with dwelling houses in a walled city,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XXV, 30.');">¹¹</span>

נאמר כאן למעלה ונאמר להלן (במדבר ג, טו) חודש ומעלה מה להלן מבן חודש ויום אחד אף כאן (מבן) חודש ויום אחד

the two years in connection with the field of possession,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 29b.');">¹²</span>

ואימא

the six years of the Hebrew slave,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 2.');">¹³</span>

כי התם מה התם חד יומא אף כאן חד יומא

as well as those of a son or daughter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra p. 112, n. 1.');">¹⁴</span>

א"כ ג"ש מאי אהני

are to be understood as from hour to hour.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As lasting one year from the hour of its birth, or sale, or service, to the very same hour a year later on the very same day, independent of the calendar year. In a calendar year Tishri would commence the New Year.');">¹⁵</span>

ת"ר

Whence do we know that with regard to consecrated animals? - R'Aha B'Jacob said: Scripture said, A lamb ben shenato [of the first year],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XII, 6. The text might have read: ben shanah, which would have suggested an ordinary year. 'Ben shenato', (lit., 'an animal its year old') suggests that it shall be its own year, from hour to hour.');">¹⁶</span>

שנה האמורה בקדשים שנה האמורה בבתי ערי חומה שתי שנים שבשדה אחוזה ושש שנים שבעבד עברי וכן שבבן ושבבת כולן מעת לעת

i.e.of 'its own first year', not that o calendar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'world'.');">¹⁷</span>

שנה האמורה בקדשים מנלן

As to the year mentioned in connection with dwelling houses in a walled city.

אמר רב אחא בר יעקב אמר קרא

Scripture said: Within a whole year mimkaro [after it is sold],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 29. Again the word 'mimkaro' suggests its own year. i.e., from hour to hour.');">¹⁸</span>

(ויקרא יב, ו) כבש בן שנתו שנתו שלו ולא של מנין עולם

i.e., of its [own year after the] sale, not of the calendar.

שנה האמורה בבתי ערי חומה דכתיב

W regard to the two years of the field of possession, it is written: According unto the number of years of the crops he shall sell unto thee,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 15. the double plural 'years of crops' suggesting that the regular counting would not be satisfactory. There may be more than two crops in two years.');">¹⁹</span>

(ויקרא כה, כט) עד תום שנת ממכרו ממכרו שלו ולא שנה למנין עולם

implying that a man eats [the fruit of] three crops in two years.

שתי שנים שבשדה אחוזה דכתיב

With regard to the six years of a Hebrew slave, Scripture said: Six years he shall serve, and in the seventh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 2.');">²⁰</span>

(ויקרא כה, טו) במספר שני תבואות ימכר לך פעמים שאדם אוכל שלש תבואות בשתי שנים

implying that at times in the seventh year, too, he may be working.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second part of the verse is taken here in conjunction with the first.');">²¹</span>

שש שבעבד עברי דכתיב

'As well as those of a son or daughter', for what practical purpose is the rule? - R'Giddal in the name of Rab said: With regard to valuations.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., with regard to the age which determines the rate of payment.');">²²</span>

(שמות כא, ב) שש שנים יעבוד ובשביעית זימנין דבשביעית נמי יעבוד

R'Joseph said: With regard to [the subject of] the chapter on the foetus extracted by means of a caesarean section.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In that chapter the age is discussed at which son and daughter are fit to vow. Nid. 45b.');">²³</span>

ושבבן ושבבת כולן מעת לעת למאי הילכתא

Said Abaye to R'Joseph: Are you [two] of conflicting opinion? - He replied: No, I say one thing, and he said another.

אמר רב גידל אמר רב

Thus also does it seem logical.

לערכין

For if you should think they are disputing, and he who said [the practical purpose] concerns valuations, should not hold it to be also with regard to the chapter about the foetus extracted by means of a caesarean section, has not Rab said that the decision was with regard to all [cases in that] chapter: that [the years] were to be understood as from hour to hour?

רב יוסף אמר

Then why does he who said [the practical purpose] concerned valuations not say it concerns the chapter on a caesarean extraction? - Because it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference to a son and daughter.');">²⁴</span>

לפרקין דיוצא דופן

is to be analogous to those [mentioned previously]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the consecrated animals, etc.');">²⁵</span>

א"ל אביי לרב יוסף

Just as these are written [in the Torah], so does this refer to what is written [in the Torah].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., valuations.');">²⁶</span>

מי פלגיתו

And the other? - If you think [that the reference is to] what is written, then the expression 'With a son or daughter' - ought it not to state 'with male or female'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Just as the Torah in this connection (Lev. XXVII) speaks of 'male' and 'female'.');">²⁷</span>

א"ל

לא אנא אמרי חדא והוא אמר חדא

הכי נמי מסתברא דאי ס"ד פליגי מ"ד לערכין לא אמר ליוצא דופן

והאמר רב

הילכתא בכולה פירקא מעת לעת

ואלא למאן דאמר לערכין מ"ט לא אמר ליוצא דופן

דומיא דהנך מה הנך דכתיבא אף הנך דכתיבא

ואידך

אי סלקא דעתך דכתיבא האי שבבן ושבבת