Chullin 131

במאי קמיפלגי תנא דבי רב ותנא דבי רבי ישמעאל

Wherein is there a difference between the Tanna of the school of Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the author of the first Baraitha, supra p. 352. The Baraitha is a quotation from the Sifra debe Rab, hence the author of it is called a Tanna of the school of Rab.');">¹</span>

בראשו ארוך קמיפלגי תנא דבי רב סבר

and the Tanna of the school of R'Ishmael? - In the long-headed species.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael, whose process of interpretation is set forth in the text below, the result is that sol'am and hagab are each rendered superfluous for their own sakes, i.e., the varieties they represent would have been inferred by the principle of 'two general propositions separated from each other by specifications'. These terms are therefore utilized for the following purposes: the former to permit the long-headed species, and the latter to forbid the zarzur, v. supra 65b. According to the Tanna of the school of Rab, however, each particular specification can include only those equal to it in every respect, and as none of the specified types are long-headed the result is that the long-headed species of locusts are forbidden.');">²</span>

אשר לו כרעים כלל ארבה סלעם חרגול חגב למינהו פרט

The Tanna of the school of Rab maintains, [The verse] Which have leaping legs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 21.');">³</span>

כלל ופרט אין בכלל אלא מה שבפרט דמיניה אין דלאו דמיניה לא ומרבי דדמי ליה משני צדדין

[ye may eat] is a general proposition, 'arbeh', 'sol'am', 'hargol', and 'hagab',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 22.');">⁴</span>

תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל סבר

are specifications; we thus have a general proposition followed by several specifications, in which case the scope of the general proposition is limited to the particulars specified.

אשר לו כרעים כלל ארבה סלעם חרגול חגב פרט למינהו חזר וכלל

Accordingly, those of the same kind [as those specified] are [included], but those not of the same kind are not [included], that is, we include all those that resemble those specified in every respect.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in two respects'; (i) that have the four characteristics mentioned, and (ii) that are not long-headed (Maharsha) .');">⁵</span>

כלל ופרט וכלל אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרט ומרבי כל דדמי ליה בחד צד

The Tanna of the school of R'Ishmael on the other hand, maintains, Which have leaping legs.

והא לא דמי כללא קמא לכללא בתרא

[ye may eat], is a general proposition; 'arbeh', 'sol'am', 'hargol', and 'hagab', are specifications; 'after its kind'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 22.');">⁴</span>

כללא קמא אשר לו כרעים אמר רחמנא דאית ליה אכול דלית ליה לא תיכול

is a further general proposition; we thus have two general propositions separated from each other by several specifications, which include such things as are similar to the particulars specified; accordingly we include all that are similar to those specified even in one respect only.

כללא בתרא עד דשוו בארבעה סימנין

But the first general proposition is not analogous in scope with the other general proposition! For the firs general proposition - 'which have leaping legs' - implies, if it has [leaping legs] one may eat it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Irrespective of whether or not it possesses all the other characteristics.');">⁶</span>

תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל בכללי ופרטי כי האי גוונא דאין

but otherwise one may not eat it; whereas the second general proposition - 'after its kind' - implies that only those that have the four characteristics [are permitted]! - The Tanna of the school of R'Ishmael nevertheless interprets texts of this kind<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., texts which contain two general propositions, the scope of one being wider than the other. V. Zeb. 4b.');">⁷</span>

ודאמרי' נמי בעלמא דדאין תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל בכללי ופרטי כי האי גוונא מהכא:

by the principle of 'general propositions and specifications'.

אמר מר

Indeed, the dictum which is expressed frequently, that the Tanna of the school of R'Ishmael interprets texts of this kind by the principle of 'general propositions and specifications', emanates from here.

אי שמו חגב יכול אין בו כל הסימנין הללו

The Master said: 'Will you say that if it goes by the name of hagab [it is permitted] even though it has none of the abovementioned characteristics?

ת"ל

The verse therefore states: 'after its kind', to teach that every one must have all the abovementioned characteristics'.

למינהו עד שיהו בו כל הסימנין הללו

But if it has not all the characteristics, whence could it have been inferred [that it is permitted]?

אין בו כל הסימנין הללו מהיכא תיתי

Does not the Divine Law specify arbeh and hargol?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And each of these shows all the four characteristics.');">⁸</span>

ארבה וחרגול כתיב

- It would indeed be as you say had not sol'am been stated, but now that sol'am is actually stated, and serves to include all that are long-headed, it might also be suggested that it shall include every variety, [even those that have but the slightest resemblance to those specified];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Namely, that have only one of the four characteristics.');">⁹</span>

אי לא כתיב סלעם כדקאמרת השתא דכתיב סלעם לרבויי ראשו ארוך אימא לירבי נמי כל דהו קמ"ל

he therefore teaches us [that this is not so].

מאי שנא התם דאמרת

Why is it that there [in the first Baraitha] the sol'am is identified with the rashon, and the hargol with t nippol, and here [in the Baraitha of the Tanna of the school of R'Ishmael] the sol'am is identified with the nippol, and the hargol with the rashon? - Each Tanna states the appellation by which each is recognized in his locality.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But each Tanna refers to the same variety of locust.');">¹⁰</span>

סלעם זה רשון חרגול זה ניפול

OF FISHES: ALL THAT HAVE FINS AND SCALES.

ומאי שנא הכא דאמרת

Our Rabbis taught: If it has no [fins and scales] now but grows them later on, as the sultanith<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of small fishes, possibly 'the sprat'. V. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds, p. 260.');">¹¹</span>

סלעם זה ניפול חרגול זה רשון

and the 'afian,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Perhaps 'the sardine'.');">¹²</span>

מר כי אתריה ומר כי אתריה:

it is permitted; if it has them now but sheds them when drawn out of the water, as

ובדגים כל שיש לו סנפיר וקשקשת:

תנו רבנן

אין לו עכשיו ועתיד לגדל לאחר זמן כגון הסולתנית והעפיאן ה"ז מותר

יש לו עכשיו ועתיד להשירן בשעה שעולה מן המים כגון