Chullin 207

הנודר מן הבשר מותר בבשר דגים וחגבים:

IF A PERSON VOWED TO ABSTAIN FROM FLESH.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> הא עוף אסור מדאורייתא כמאן דלא כרבי עקיבא דאי רבי עקיבא האמר

HE MAY PARTAKE OF THE FLESH OF FISH AND OF LOCUSTS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the usual connotation of 'flesh', as used in ordinary speech, includes all kinds of flesh excepting that of fish and of locusts. The interpretation of expressions used in vows is always in accordance with the general use of the ordinary man.');">¹</span>

חיה ועוף אינו מן התורה

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>It follows [from our Mishnah] that the flesh of fowls is prohibited by the law of the Torah;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is assumed for the present that the prohibition in the first clause of our Mishnah - which includes fowls - is Biblical, otherwise the precautionary measure imposed in the second clause would not be applied to fowls (v. Tosaf.) .');">²</span>

אימא סיפא

now in accordance with whose view would this be?

הנודר מן הבשר מותר בבשר דגים וחגבים

It surely is not in accordance with R'Akiba's view, for R'Akiba maintains that the flesh of wild animals and of fowls is not prohibited by the law of the Torah.

הא עוף אסור אתאן לרבי עקיבא דאמר

Consider now the final clause: IF A PERSON VOWED TO ABSTAIN FROM FLESH, HE MAY PARTAKE OF THE FLESH OF FISH AND OF LOCUSTS.

כל מילי דמימליך עליה שליח בר מיניה הוא

It follows however that he is forbidden the flesh of fowl, which is in accordance with R'Akiba's view, namely, that any variation concerning which the agent would ask for special instructions is deemed to be of the same species.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Anything which is not quite the same as the original thing requested but about which an agent would consider it proper to consult his principal is regarded as of the same species as the original thing requested; for were it not so, the agent would reject it immediately:without even consulting his principal. In the case of our Mishnah, if a person were to send another to buy flesh, the latter, if unable to obtain flesh of cattle, would certainly return and ask his principle whether or not he may buy fowls. Hence fowl is included in the term 'flesh'.');">³</span>

דתניא

For we have learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ned. 54a.');">⁴</span>

הנודר מן הירק מותר בדלועין ור"ע אוסר

If a person vowed to abstain from vegetables, he is permitted gourds; R'Akiba forbids them.

אמרו לו לר"ע

They said to R'Akiba: Is it not a fact that when a man says to his agent.'

והלא אומר אדם לשלוחו קח לנו ירק והוא אומר לא מצאתי אלא דלועין

Bring me vegetables', the other might [come back and] say.'

אמר להן

I can only obtain gourds'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus proving that gourds are not vegetables since the agent considers it necessary to obtain special authority to buy them.');">⁵</span>

כן הדבר כלום אומר לא מצאתי אלא קטנית

He replied.

אלא שדלועין בכלל ירק ואין קטנית בכלל ירק

Exactly so; for he surely would not come back and say.'

רישא רבנן וסיפא ר"ע

I can only obtain pulse'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is common knowledge that pulse is not included among vegetables, an agent sent to buy vegetables and not being able to obtain any would certainly not return to his principle and say: 'I can only obtain pulse'. He might as well reply, 'I could only obtain fish or cheese'. Most probably and rightly he would say: 'I could not obtain any vegetables'. The fact that he replies, 'I could only obtain gourds', proves, according to R. Akiba, that they are included among vegetables.');">⁶</span>

אמר רב יוסף

This proves that gourds are included among vegetables and pulse is not included among vegetables.

רבי היא ונסיב לה אליבא דתנאי בנדרים סבר לה כר"ע בבשר בחלב סבר לה כרבנן

[Must it then be that] the first clause of our Mishnah is in accordance with the view of the Rabbis, and the second clause is in accordance with R'Akiba's view? - R'Joseph said: The author [of our Mishnah] is Rabbi who incorporated the views of various Tannaim: with regard to vows he adopted the view of R'Akiba, and with regard to flesh [cooked] in milk he adopted the view of the Rabbis.

רב אשי אמר

R'Ashi said: The whole of our Mishnah is in accordance with R'Akiba's view, for this is what it means, EVERY KIND OF FLESH IS FORBIDDEN TO BE COOKED IN MILK: some<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flesh of cattle.');">⁷</span>

כולה ר"ע היא והכי קאמר

being forbidden by the law of the Torah and others<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flesh of wild beasts and of fowls.');">⁸</span>

כל הבשר אסור לבשל בחלב מהן מדברי תורה ומהן מדברי סופרים חוץ מבשר דגים וחגבים שאינם לא מדברי תורה ולא מדברי סופרים:

by the enactment of the Scribes, EXCEPTING THE FLESH OF FISH AND OF LOCUSTS, which are neither prohibited by the law of the Torah nor by the enactment of the Scribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [As to the precautionary measure in the second clause (cf. p. 576, n. 4) R. Ashi accepts the explanation of Abaye infra pp. 578-9; v. Adreth, ohaushj .]');">⁹</span>

ואסור להעלות [וכו']:

AND IT IS ALSO FORBIDDEN TO PLACE etc. R'Joseph said: You can infer from this that the flesh of fowl [cooked] in milk is prohibited by the law of the Torah, for were it only [prohibited by the enactment] of the Rabbis, seeing that the actual eating thereof is [prohibited only as] a precautionary measure, would we forbid the placing [of them together upon the table] as a safeguard against the eating thereof?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This would be imposing a precautionary measure (sc. restriction of placing them together on the table) upon a precautionary measure (sc. the restriction of eating fowls cooked in milk) which is not done.');">¹⁰</span>

אמר רב יוסף

And whence do you derive the rule that we do not impose a precautionary measure upon a precautionary measure? - From the following [Mishnah] which we have learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hal. IV, 8.');">¹¹</span>

שמע מינה בשר עוף בחלב דאורייתא דאי סלקא דעתך דרבנן אכילה גופה גזירה ואנן נגזר העלאה אטו אכילה

The dough-offering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Num. XV, 20; Of the first of your dough you shall offer up a cake for a heave-offering. This law only applied to Palestine, i.e., to dough made from produce grown in the land of Israel (cf. ibid. 18) , but the Rabbis ordained that it be observed outside Palestine, i.e., in respect of dough made from produce grown outside the Land of Israel, as a precautionary measure safeguarding the dough-offering of Palestinian produce. If, therefore, a non-priest ate the dough-offering offered from produce grown outside the Land of Israel he has transgressed a Rabbinic enactment');">¹²</span>

ומנא תימרא דלא גזרינן גזירה לגזירה דתנן

[of produce grown] outside the Land [of Israel]

חלת חוצה לארץ