Chullin 230:1
לא תאכלנו בבשר בחלב הכתוב מדבר
[For it was taught: The verse,] Thou shalt not eat it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XII, 25. Which is superfluous in the context, the prohibition having already been stated in the preceding verse.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
אי מההיא הוה אמינא
With that which partakes of the characteristics of two kinds.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The foregoing verses state the law concerning consecrated animals that were redeemed after being rendered unfit for sacrifice owing to physical blemish. These animals are treated partly as ordinary unconsecrated animals in that the flesh thereof may be eaten even by one unclean, and partly as consecrated animals in that they may not be put to work, neither may one enjoy the milk or wool thereof.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
הני מילי באכילה אבל בהנאה לא קמ"ל
Then this verse also deals with that which partakes of the characteristics of two kinds!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., flesh and milk. The teaching of this Mishnah is attributed to Rabbi as the editor of the whole MISHNAH:');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ורבי בהנאה מנא ליה
- From that teaching I might have thought that the prohibition was only in respect of eating but not in respect of deriving benefit from it, he therefore teaches us [another teaching].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Simeon b. Lakish derives the prohibition against making use of flesh cooked in milk from the verse in connection with the paschal lamb. For just as the latter, if cooked and not roasted, would be forbidden for all purposes as all sacrificial flesh which has been rendered unfit so flesh cooked in milk is forbidden for all purposes. ause og');"><sup>4</sup></span>
נפקא ליה מהכא נאמר כאן
And whence does Rabbi infer that it is also forbidden to derive any benefit from it? - He infers it from the following argument: It is written here: For thou art a holy people onto the Lord,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XIV, 21. Heb. This verse concludes with the prohibition: Thou shalt not seethe a kid etc. ase ause ase');"><sup>5</sup></span>
(דברים יד, ב) כי עם קדוש אתה לה' ונאמר להלן
and it is written there: There shall be no consecrated prostitutes of the sons of Israel;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXIII, 18. Heb. The analogy is drawn by reason of the similar expression used in both passages, , and .');"><sup>6</sup></span>
דבי רבי ישמעאל תנא
The Torah here implies that when you sell it you may not first cook it [in milk] and then sell it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For as soon as it has been cooked in milk it is forbidden to be sold or used for any purpose.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
(שמות כג, יט) לא תבשל גדי בחלב אמו ג' פעמים אחד לאיסור אכילה ואחד לאיסור הנאה ואחד לאיסור בשול
The school of R'Ishmael taught: Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk, is stated three times:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIII, 19; XXXIV, 26; Deut. XIV, 21.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
מה להלן אסור אף כאן אסור
and it is written there: And ye shall be holy men unto me; therefore ye shall not eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 30. The analogy is based upon the expression 'holy' written in each verse. vkrg');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ק"ו ומה ערלה שלא נעבדה בה עבירה אסורה בהנאה בשר בחלב שנעבדה בו עבירה אינו דין שאסור בהנאה
I will tell you: it follows a fortiori: If 'orlah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' . Lit., 'uncircumcision'. The fruit of newly planted trees was forbidden for all use during the first three years; cf. Lev. XIX, 23.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
מה לערלה שכן לא היתה לה שעת הכושר
which is not produced by transgression, is forbidden for all use, then surely flesh cooked in milk, which is produced by transgression,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. by cooking.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
חמץ בפסח יוכיח שהיתה לו שעת הכושר ואסור בהנאה
is forbidden for all use! But [if you object] this may be true of 'orlah only, since it had no period of fitness,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fruit of 'orlah as soon as it comes into being is forbidden, whereas flesh and milk, before being cooked together, are each separately permitted.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
לייתי כולה בק"ו מערלה ומה ערלה שלא נעבדה בה עבירה אסורה בין באכילה בין בהנאה בשר בחלב שנעבדה בו עבירה אינו דין שאסור בין באכילה בין בהנאה
[I reply] the law concerning diverse kinds in the vineyard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Deut XXII, 9.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
חורש בשור ובחמור וחוסם פי פרה ודש בה יוכיח שנעבדה בהם עבירה ושרו
Wherefore is the analogy necessary?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To establish the law that flesh cooked in milk is forbidden to be eaten, v.p. 634, n. 10. This prohibition, and that against deriving any benefit, can surely be inferred from the a fortiori argument.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
למה לי למימר כלאי הכרם יוכיחו לימא
Surely it can all be inferred from the a fortiori argument derived from 'orlah thus: If 'orlah which is not produced by transgression, is forbidden both as food and for all use, how much more then is flesh cooked in milk, which is produced by transgression, is forbidden both as food and for all use! - Because one could refute the argument thus: The law in the case where one ploughed with an ox and an ass together, or where one muzzled a cow when it was treading out [the corn], can prove otherwise, namely, although it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the produce of the field so ploughed, or the corn which had been so trodden out.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
ערלה תוכיח וליהדר דינא וליתי במה הצד
was produced by transgression it is nevertheless permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so, too, with flesh cooked in milk. But now that is it established by the analogy that flesh cooked in milk is forbidden to be eaten, this prohibition of ploughing with an ox and ass together, cannot be brought into this argument.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
אמר ליה רב מרדכי לרב אשי הכי אמרינן משמיה דריש לקיש
The law of 'orlah shows otherwise'; the argument would then have gone round again, with the result that it [sc. the law of flesh cooked in milk] would have been inferred from the common features [of the others]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus it was unnecessary to introduce the case of sowing diverse kinds in the vineyard. The argument would then run as follows: Flesh cooked in milk is declared to be forbidden for all purposes by inference from 'orlah by the a fortiori reasoning; if the objection be taken that 'orlah is a special case inasmuch as it had no period of fitness, the reply would be that the case of leaven during Passover clearly shows that this distinctive feature (sc. not having a period of fitness) is not the reason for the general prohibition; and if the objection be taken that leaven during Passover is a special case inasmuch as there is a penalty of kareth attached to it, the reply would be that the case of 'orlah clearly shows that the gravity of the penalty (sc. kareth) is not the reason for the general prohibition; and so the argument would go in a circle: the objection to the case of 'orlah would be met by the case of leaven during Passover and vice versa. What, however, is common to 'orlah and leaven during Passover is that each is forbidden as food and also for all use; the inference then follows that flesh cooked in milk, inasmuch as it is forbidden as food, should also be forbidden for all use. This type of argument, namely, an inference from common features of two or more cases, is very frequent in the Gemara; and the result being satisfactory, it was unnecessary to introduce the third case of diverse kinds in the vineyard.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
אי הכי תיתי במה הצד
Said R'Mordecai to R'Ashi: We have learnt the following on the authority of R'Simeon B'Lakish: An inference drawn from cases with common features can be refuted only by those [cases] and not by other [cases].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the refutation must be in the nature of a peculiar characteristic possessed by the cases that determine the common features and which is absent from the case proposed to be inferred from the common features - e.g. the demonstration of a special characteristic peculiar to 'orlah and to leaven during Passover but absent from flesh cooked in milk would indeed be a valid refutation. It is, however, no refutation of the argument by adducing cases wherein the common features are not found, for such an argument, as here the case of nebelah, is irrelevant.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
מה להצד השוה שבהן שכן גדולי קרקע
- Because<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' l.e., the reason why the argument is not run on the lines suggested (v. p. 636, n. 1) , drawing the inference from the common features, is that there is the following refutation.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
אי הכי השתא נמי איכא למיפרך
one can refute it thus: The cases which present these common features are peculiar in that they are both products of the soil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Orlah and leavened grain are products of the soil whereas milk and flesh are not. This characteristic, sc. being a product of the soil, is a distinction of little or no significance for this is no satisfactory reason why the law should be more severe or less severe.');"><sup>27</sup></span>
כל מה הצד פרכינן כל דהו לא אם אמרת (חדא מחדא) קל וחומר פרכינן כל דהו לא פרכינן
may be so of diverse kinds in the vineyard since it deals with products of the soil! - Said R'Mordecai to R'Ashi: We have learnt the following on the authority of R'Simeon B'Lakish: An inference drawn from cases with common features can be refuted by indicating any peculiarity whatsoever; but an argument which employs the expression 'No, if you say it in this.
וליפרוך לכולהו
will you say it in that? ' can only be refuted by adducing a feature in the one which is less or more grave than in the other, and not by any peculiarity whatsoever.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where an inference is made from the common features of two cases all the cases must indeed be alike in every respect, and if one case presents any special characteristic, even though that characteristic does not go down to the root of the matter and is of no significance, the argument is untenable. On the other hand, where the law in one case is inferred from another case, e.g. by an a fortiori argument, an incidental characteristic would not be taken into consideration. Only a characteristic which is of such significance as to suggest the reason for the law in that particular case, would be accepted as a refutation, for then it would be argued thus, 'No, if you say it in the one case, it is because it has this grave or less grave characteristic; will you say it in the other cases which have not this characteristic'?');"><sup>30</sup></span>
מה לכולהו שכן גדולי קרקע
But we may refute all the cases thus: This may be so of all these cases since they all deal with products of the soil!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' it is assumed for the present that an inference from three cases is to be regarded on the same footing as an inference from cases with common features, so that any peculiarity, however insignificant, would be accepted as a refutation.');"><sup>31</sup></span>