Eruvin 47

בטיל ליה לגבי רובה והוה ליה קרפף יותר מבית סאתים ואסור

lose its own status to the major part and [the entire area<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sown part that was less than two beth se'ah and the unsown part that may be bigger than two beth se'ah.');">¹</span> would thus] become a karpaf that is bigger than two beth se'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is subject to the restrictions of a garden.');">²</span> [the movement of objects in which] is forbidden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even where it was enclosed for dwelling purposes, and even if all of it belonged to one owner.');">³</span>

אלא אי איתמר הכי איתמר הא מיעוטא שרי אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לא אמרן אלא דלא הוי בית סאתים אבל בית סאתים אסור

- The fact, however, is that if the statement has at all been made it must have been in the following terms: But<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the prohibition was laid down in connection with a karpaf, the greater part of which was sown.');">⁴</span> [it follows that] if its less part [only was sown, the movement of objects within it] is permitted. Said R'Huna son of R'Joshua, this applies only [where the sown area was] less than two beth se'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that it was not of sufficient importance to be given a status of its own.');">⁵</span>

כמאן כרבנן

but [if it was] two beth se'ah [the movement of objects within the entire area] is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the sown portion has the status of a karpaf that was not enclosed for dwelling purposes. Such a karpaf, provided it is not bigger than two beth se'ah, is a permitted domain only where it is not abutting on any other domain; but here, since it opens out into a kind of courtyard, one side of which is fully exposed to it, the two domains are a mutual cause of prohibition, and no object may be carried from the one into the other.');">⁶</span> In agreement with whose view?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Was R. Huna's statement made.');">⁷</span> - In agreement with that of the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who hold that two domains, though they are the property of one man and though none is inhabited, may be a mutual cause of prohibition (cf. infra 8) .');">⁸</span>

ורב ירמיה מדיפתי מתני לקולא הא מיעוטא שרי אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לא אמרן אלא בית סאתים אבל יותר מבית סאתים אסור כמאן כר"ש:

R'Jeremiah of Difti, however, taught it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Huna's statement just discussed.');">⁹</span> on the side of leniency:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that even if the area of the lesser part was two beth se'ah, it is regarded as a permitted domain as if it had not opened out at all into a broken yard.');">¹⁰</span> But<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 4.');">¹¹</span>

נטע רובו הרי הוא כחצר ומותר: אמר רב יהודה אמר אבימי והוא שעשויין אצטבלאות ורב נחמן אמר אע"פ שאין עשויין אצטבלאות

[it follows that] if its lesser pa [only was sown the movement of objects within it] is permitted. Said R'Huna son of R'Joshua: This applies only [where the sown area was no more than] two beth se'ah but if it was more than two beth se'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the enclosure was not put up for dwelling purposes.');">¹²</span> [the movement of objects within it] is forbidden.

מר יהודה אקלע לבי רב הונא בר יהודה חזנהו להנהו דלא עבידי אצטבלאות וקא מטלטלי בגוייהו אמר ליה לא סבר לה מר להא דאבימי אמר ליה אנא כרב נחמן סבירא לי

In agreement with whose view?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Was R. Huna's statement made.');">¹³</span> - In agreement with that of R'Simeon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. even R. Simeon agrees in such a case.');">¹⁴</span> 'But if the greater part of it was planted [with trees] it is regarded as a courtyard and [the movement of objects within it] is permitted'.

אמר רב נחמן אמר שמואל קרפף יותר מבית סאתים שלא הוקף לדירה כיצד הוא עושה פורץ בו פירצה יותר מעשר וגודרו ומעמידו על עשר ומותר

Said Rab Judah in the name of Abimi: This [is the case only] where they are arranged in colonnade formation;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that one can rest there in comfort.');">¹⁵</span> but R'Nahman said: Even if they were not arranged as a colonnade. Mar Judah once happened to visit R'Huna B'Judah's when he observed certain [trees] that were not arranged as a colonnade<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The area which was larger than two beth se'ah, was originally enclosed for dwelling purposes and later planted with trees.');">¹⁶</span>

איבעיא להו פרץ אמה וגדר אמה [ופרץ אמה וגדרה] עד שהשלימו ליותר מעשר מהו

and people were moving objects between them.' Does not the Master', he asked: 'uphold the view of Abimi? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That unless the trees are arranged in colonnade formation the movement of objects between them is forbidden.');">¹⁷</span> - 'I', the other replied: 'hold the same view as R'Nahman'.

א"ל לאו היינו דתנן כל כלי בעלי בתים שיעורן כרמונים

R'Nahman laid down in the name of Samuel: If a karpaf that was bigger than two beth se'ah was not originally enclosed for dwelling purposes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And a house was subsequently built with a door opening into it.');">¹⁸</span> how is one to proceed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is desired to move objects from the karpaf to the house and vice versa.');">¹⁹</span> A breach wider than ten [cubits] is made in the surrounding fence,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit.,'in it'. Thereby the validity of the fence is annulled.');">²⁰</span>

ובעי חזקיה ניקב כמוציא זית וסתמו וחזר וניקב כמוציא זית וסתמו עד שהשלימו למוציא רמון מהו

and this is fenced up so as to reduce it to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and he makes it stand on'.');">²¹</span> ten cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thereby turning the breach into a doorway of the permitted legal size.');">²²</span> and [then the movement of objects]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 5.');">²³</span>

וא"ל רבי יוחנן רבי שניתה לנו סנדל שנפסקה אחת מאזניו ותיקנה טמא מדרס

is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the reconstruction of the fence took place after the house was built, the entire karpaf may be regarded as having been enclosed for dwelling purposes.');">²⁴</span> The question was raised: What is the ruling where one cubit [width of fence] was broken down and the same cubit [of breach] was fenced up and [then the next] cubit [width of fence] was broken down and was equally fenced up [and so on] until [the breaking down and the re-fencing] of more than ten [cubits width of the fence] was completed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is the karpaf regarded as enclosed for dwelling purposes on account of the new section of fence that was put up after the house had been built or must the prescribed breach of more than ten cubits be made in the fence before any part of it is re-built?');">²⁵</span> - [This case], came the reply,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Lit., 'he said'. It is difficult to say to whom 'he' refers, and these words are best omitted with MS.M.]');">²⁶</span>

נפסקה שניה ותיקנה טהור (בה) מן המדרס אבל טמא מגע מדרס

is<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'not'?');">²⁷</span> exactly [the same in principle as the one about] which we learned: All [levitically defiled wooden] utensils of householders [become clean if they contain holes] of the size of pomegranates;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kel. XVII, 1. With such big holes the object loses the status of utensil and assumes that of a broken one which is not susceptible to levitical defilement.');">²⁸</span> and when Hezekiah asked: 'What is the ruling where one made a hole of the size of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'like one that brings out'.');">²⁹</span>

ואמרת עלה מאי שנא ראשונה דהא קיימא שניה שניה נמי הא קיימא ראשונה

an olive and stopped it up and then made another hole of the size of an olive and stopped it up [and so on] until one completed [a hole] of the size of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'like one that brings out'.');">²⁹</span> a pomegranate? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is the utensil regarded as a broken one because the total space of the small holes was of the size required, or must a utensil contain such a hole at one and the same time before it can be regarded as a broken object that is unsusceptible to levitical defilement?');">³⁰</span> R'Johanan replied: Master, you have taught us [the case of] a sandal, for we learned:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Bah. Absent from cur. edd.');">³¹</span>

ואמרת לן עלה פנים חדשות באו לכאן הכא נמי פנים חדשות באו לכאן

'A sandal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That was levitically defiled. xrsn xrs');">³²</span> one of the straps of which was torn off and repaired retains its midras<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to tread') defilement imparted through treading on an object by any of those enumerated in Lev. XII, 2; XV, 2, 25. The object thus defiled communicates defilement to human beings and vessels.');">³³</span> defilement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the sandal can still be used for its original purpose as footwear.');">³⁴</span>

קרי עליה לית דין בר אינש איכא דאמרי כגון דין בר נש

If the second strap was torn off and repaired [the sandal] becomes free from the midras<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to tread') defilement imparted through treading on an object by any of those enumerated in Lev. XII, 2; XV, 2, 25. The object thus defiled communicates defilement to human beings and vessels.');">³³</span> defilement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is no longer fit for its original use as a sandal.');">³⁵</span> but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it may still be used for other purposes.');">³⁶</span>

אמר רב כהנא רחבה שאחורי הבתים אין מטלטלין בו אלא בד' אמות

is unclean<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a minor degree, communicating defilement to foodstuffs and liquids only, but not to human beings and vessels.');">³⁷</span> [on account of its] contact with midras'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. with the sandal as it was before the strap was torn off when it was an object of midras defilement. At the moment the strap was severed, the damaged sandal was in contact with the undamaged one.');">³⁸</span> And you asked in connection with this, 'Why is it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what is the difference?'');">³⁹</span>

ואמר רב נחמן אם פתח לו פתח מותר לטלטל בכולו פתח מתירו ולא אמרן אלא שפתח ולבסוף הוקף אבל הוקף ולבסוף פתח לא

[that the absence of the] first [strap does not affect the status of the sandal? Obviously] because the second strap was then available [but then the absence of the] second strap also [should not affect the status of the sandal] sinc the first<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having been repaired.');">⁴⁰</span> was then available? ' And then you explained this to us [that 'in the latter case] the object had assumed a new appearance;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'new face came here', the present repaired straps are not the original ones. As the original ones were torn off, the former defilement ceased, and as no new midras or 'treading' occurred after the new ones were attached, the repaired sandal remains free from the midras defilement.');">⁴¹</span>

פתח ולבסוף הוקף פשיטא לא צריכא דאית ביה בי דרי מהו דתימא אדעתא דבי דרי עבדיה קמ"ל

well, in this case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where a number of small holes that equal in their totality, the prescribed large one have been individually stopped up.');">⁴²</span> also [it may be explained that] the object had assumed a new appearance; [and Hezekiah] made concerning him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Johanan.');">⁴³</span> the following remark: 'This [scholar] is no [ordinary] man'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His genius is supernatural.');">⁴⁴</span>

קרפף יותר מבית סאתים שהוקף לדירה ונתמלא מים סבור רבנן למימר כזרעים דמו ואסיר

[or as] some say: 'Such [a scholar] is [the true type of] man'. R'Kahana ruled: In an open area<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That was bigger than two beth se'ah and surrounded by a fence.');">⁴⁵</span> that [is situated] at the back of houses<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But no house door opened out into it.');">⁴⁶</span>

אמר להו רב אבא (אבוה) דרב בריה דרב משרשיא הכי אמרינן משמיה דרבא מים כנטעים דמו ושרי

objects may be moved<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath.');">⁴⁷</span> within a distance of four cubits only.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the place where they rested.');">⁴⁸</span> In connection with this R'Nahman ruled: If a [house] door was opened out into it, the movement of objects is permitted throughout the entire area, [since] the door causes it to be a permitted domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The last clause is absent from MS.M.');">⁴⁹</span> This,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The permissibility of movement where a house door opens out into the area mentioned.');">⁵⁰</span> however, applies only<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and he did not say them but'.');">⁵¹</span> where the door was made first<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'when he opened'.');">⁵²</span> and [the area] was enclosed subsequently, but not where it was first enclosed and the door was made afterwards.' Where the door was made first and [the area] was enclosed subsequently', [is it not] obvious [that the movement of objects in the area is permitted]? - [This ruling was] required only in the case where it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The area in question.');">⁵³</span> contained a threshing floor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the house and the enclosure round the open area.');">⁵⁴</span> As it might have been assumed that [the door] was made in order to give access<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with the intention of'.');">⁵⁵</span> to the threshing floor,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not in connection with the enclosed area at the back.');">⁵⁶</span> we were therefore informed [that no such assumption is made]. Where a karpaf [whose area] exceeded two beth se'ah was originally enclosed for dwelling purposes but was subsequently filled with water, the Rabbis intended to rule [that water is subject to the same law] as seed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra 23b ad fin.');">⁵⁷</span> and [that movement of objects in the enclosure] is, therefore, forbidden, but R'Abba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M. 'the father of R. Mesharsheya son of Rab'.');">⁵⁸</span> the brother<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So marg. note. Cur. edd. enclose in parenthesis 'father'.');">⁵⁹</span> of Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. 'Raba' (Emden) .');">⁶⁰</span> son of R'Mesharsheya said: Thus we rule in the name of Raba: Water [is subject to the same law] as plants,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Trees. Cf. supra 23b.');">⁶¹</span> and [the movement of objects within the enclosure] is consequently permitted.