Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Ketubot 174

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1

ר' שמעון אומר כל זמן שהיא תובעת כתובתה היורשין משביעין אותה ואם אינה תובעת כתובתה אין היורשין משביעין אותה:

Rabbi Shimon says: whenever she claims her ketubah the heirs may impose an oath upon her but whenever she does not claim her ketubah the heirs cannot impose an oath upon her.

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2

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> סבר רמי בר חמא למימר שבועה דאורייתא דקא טעין מאתים וקא מודה ליה במאה הויא ליה הודאה במקצת הטענה וכל המודה במקצת הטענה ישבע

GEMARA. Rami b. Hama wished to assume that this oath was biblical, since [it is a case where] one one person claims two hundred [zuz] and the other admits one hundred, which is a case of an admission to a part of the claim, and whoever admits to a part of a claim must take an oath.

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3

אמר רבא שתי תשובות בדבר חדא דכל הנשבעין שבתורה נשבעין ולא משלמין והיא נשבעת ונוטלת ועוד אין נשבעין על כפירת שעבוד קרקעות

Rava said: There are two objections to this matter: In the first place, all who take an oath in accordance with biblical law take the oath and do not pay, while she takes the oath and receives payment. And, secondly, no oath may be imposed in respect of the denial of [a claim that is] secured on landed property.

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4

אלא אמר רבא מדרבנן דפרע דייק דמיפרע לא דייק ורמו רבנן שבועה עלה כי היכי דתידוק

Rather Rava said, [that the oath is only] of rabbinic status. For the one who pays is careful to remember the details while the one who receives payment is not, the Rabbis have imposed an oath upon her so that she would be careful to remember the details.

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5

איבעיא להו פוגמת כתובתה בעדים מהו אם איתא דפרעה בעדים הוה פרע לה או דלמא איתרמויי איתרמי ליה

The question was raised; What if a woman impaired her ketubah by [receiving part of it in front of] witnesses? If it is true that [her husband] had paid her [the balance] he would have done so in front of witnesses, or [is it rather assumed that] it was a mere coincidence [that witnesses were present when the first payment was made]?

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6

ת"ש כל הנשבעין שבתורה נשבעין ולא משלמין ואלו נשבעין ונוטלין השכיר והנגזל והנחבל ושכנגדו חשוד על השבועה וחנוני על פנקסו והפוגם שטרו שלא בעדים שלא בעדים אין בעדים לא

Come and hear: All who take an oath in accordance with biblical law, take the oath and do not pay, but the following take an oath and receive payment; A hired worker, a man who was robbed or wounded, [any claimant] whose opponent is suspected of [taking a false] oath and a shopkeeper with his [accounts] book, and also [a creditor] who impaired his document in the absence of witnesses. Thus only [where he paid the first installment] “in the absence of witnesses” but not where he paid it in the presence of witnesses!

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7

לא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא בעדים דודאי צריכה שבועה אבל שלא בעדים אימא תיהוי כמשיב אבידה ותשקול בלא שבועה קמ"ל

This is a case of “it did not even need to say.” It did not need to say that [when he paid the first installment] in the presence of witnesses she must take an oath; when, however, [he paid it] in the absence of witnesses, it might be assumed that she is like one who returns a lost object [to its owner] and should receive payment without taking an oath. It was, therefore, taught [that the oath is nevertheless not to be dispensed with].

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8

איבעיא להו הפוגמת כתובתה פחות פחות משוה פרוטה מהו מי אמרינן כיון דקא דייקא כולי האי קושטא קא אמרה או דלמא איערומי קא מערמא תיקו

The question was asked: What if a woman impaired her ketubah [by admitting to receiving] sums [each of which] were less than the value of a perutah? Do we say that since she is so careful in her statements she must be speaking the truth or is it possible that she is merely acting cunningly? This remains unsolved.

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9

איבעיא להו פוחתת כתובתה מהו מי אמרינן היינו פוגמת או דלמא פוגמת מודיא במקצת הא לא קא מודיא במקצת

The question was raised: What if a woman declares her [original] ketubah to have been less [than the amount recorded in the document]? Do we say that such a woman is in the same position as the woman who impaired [her ketubah] or is it possible that the woman who impairs [her ketubah] admits a part [of the full sum] while this one does not admit a part [of the full sum]?

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10

ת"ש פוחתת תפרע שלא בשבועה כיצד היתה כתובתה אלף זוז ואמר לה התקבלת כתובתיך והיא אומרת לא התקבלתי ואינה אלא מנה נפרעת שלא בשבועה

Come and hear: A woman who declares that her [original] ketubah was less [than the amount recorded in the document] receives payment without an oath. How [is this so]? If her ketubah was for a thousand zuz and when her husband said to her, “You have already received your ketubah,” she replies. “I have not received it, but [the original ketubah] was only for one maneh,” she receives payment without an oath.

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11

במאי גביא בהאי שטרא האי שטרא חספא בעלמא הוא אמר רבא בריה דרבה באומרת אמנה היתה לי ביני לבינו:

But how does she collect [the amount she claims]? With this document? But this document is just a potsherd! Rava the son of Rabbah replied: [This is a case] where she states, “There was an arrangement of mutual trust between me and him.”

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12

עד אחד מעידה שהיא פרועה: סבר רמי בר חמא למימר שבועה דאורייתא דכתיב (דברים יט, טו) לא יקום עד אחד באיש לכל עון ולכל חטאת לכל עון ולכל חטאת הוא דאינו קם אבל קם הוא לשבועה ואמר מר כל מקום שהשנים מחייבין אותו ממון אחד מחייבו שבועה

If one witness testifies against her that [her ketubah] has been paid [etc.]. Rami b. Hama thought that the oath was of biblical authority, as it is written, “One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity or for any sin” (Deuteronomy 19:15); for any iniquity or for any sin he may not rise up, but he may rise up [to impose] an oath. And, furthermore, a Master stated: In all cases where two witnesses obligate a person to pay money, one witness obligates a person take an oath.

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13

אמר רבא שתי תשובות בדבר חדא דכל הנשבעין שבתורה נשבעין ולא משלמין והיא נשבעת ונוטלת ועוד אין נשבעין על כפירת שיעבוד קרקעות

Rava said: There are two objections to this matter: In the first place, all who take an oath in accordance with biblical law take the oath and do not pay, while she takes the oath and receives payment. And, secondly, no oath may be imposed in respect of the denial of [a claim that is] secured on landed property.

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14

אלא אמר רבא מדרבנן כדי להפיס דעתו של בעל

Rather, Rava said [that the oath is only] rabbinical, [having been enacted] to appease the husband.

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15

אמר רב פפא

Papa said:

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