Kiddushin 98

מאי תורה מדרש תורה והני מילי דאמר לה תנינא אבל אמר לה תנא אנא עד דתני הילכתא ספרא וסיפרי ותוספתא

- What is meant by Torah? The exegesis [Midrash] of the Torah. Now, that is only if he says to her ['on condition that I am] tinyana [learned]:' but if he says to her, I am a tanna, he must have learned law, Sifra, Sifre and Tosefta.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sifra is a halachic commentary on Leviticus, also known as Torath Kohanim, the Law of the Priests. Sifre is a similar work on Numbers and Deuteronomy. In Sanh. ');">¹</span>

ע"מ שאני תלמיד אין אומרים כשמעון בן עזאי וכשמעון בן זומא אלא כל ששואלין אותו בכ"מ דבר אחד בלימודו ואומרו ואפילו במסכתא דכלה על מנת שאני חכם אין אומרים כחכמי יבנה כר' עקיבא וחביריו אלא כל ששואלים אותו דבר חכמה בכל מקום ואומרה

'On condition that I am a disciple [talmid],' we do not say, such as Simeon B''Azzai and Simeon B'Zoma,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These, though disciples, i.e., not ordained as Rabbis, were renowned for their wide erudition. Cf. Sotah, 49b, Yeb. 63b. urnutu');">²</span> but one who when asked a single question on his studies in any place can answer it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [ Lit., 'he says it', Kaplan, op. cit. p. 203 explains this term as denoting the ability to discuss the point in question, and not merely to quote correctly from some text.]');">³</span> even in the Tractate Kallah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One of the extra-canonical tractates. Rashi: though it is short and not difficult, it is enough if he can answer a question in it. Others (v. Tosaf. Ri) the laws of Festivals (Kallah was the name given to the general assemblies in Elul and Adar, when the laws of the Festivals were popularly vkf ,u,fxn expounded.) , in which most people were well-versed. V. J.E. s.v. Kallah; v. [Higger, M. pp. 13ff.].');">⁴</span>

על מנת שאני גבור אין אומרים כאבנר בן נר וכיואב בן צרויה אלא כל שחביריו מתיראים ממנו מפני גבורתו על מנת שאני עשיר אין אומרים כרבי אלעזר בן חרסום וכרבי אלעזר בן עזריה אלא כל שבני עירו מכבדים אותו מפני עושרו

'On condition that I am a Sage,' we do not say, like the Sages of Jabneh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A town to the north west of Jerusalem, whither R. Johanan b. Zakkai transferred the great Sanhedrin after the fall of Jerusalem; v. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 204 n. 8.');">⁵</span> or like R'Akiba and his companions, but one who can be asked a matter of wisdom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: a matter dependent on logic.');">⁶</span> in any place and he can answer it.'

על מנת שאני צדיק אפילו רשע גמור מקודשת שמא הרהר תשובה בדעתו על מנת שאני רשע אפילו צדיק גמור מקודשת שמא הרהר דבר עבודת כוכבים בדעתו

On condition that I am mighty,' we do not say, [he must be] like Abner the son of Ner<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Formerly Ishbosheth's chief general against David, but subsequently he went over to David; II Sam. II, 8 seqq; III, 12 seqq.');">⁷</span> and Joab son of Zeruiah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' David's chief general.');">⁸</span> but as long as he is feared by his companions on account of his strength.'

עשרה קבים חכמה ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה ארץ ישראל ואחד כל העולם כולו עשרה קבים יופי ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה ירושלים ואחד כל העולם כולו עשרה קבים עשירות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלו רומיים קדמונים ואחד כל העולם כולו י' קבים עניות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה בבל ואחד כל העולם כולו עשרה קבים גסות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה עילם ואחד כל העולם כולו

On condition that I am wealthy,' we do not say, like R'Eleazar B'Harsom and R'Eleazar B'Azariah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who were credited with enormous wealth: V. Yoma ');">⁹</span> but as long as he is honoured by his fellow citizens on account of his wealth.' On condition that I am righteous,' even if he is absolutely wicked, she is betrothed, for he may have meditated repentance in his thoughts.'

וגסות לבבל לא נחית והכתי' (זכריה ה, ט) ואשא עיני וארא והנה שתים נשים יוצאות ורוח בכנפיהם ולהנה כנפים ככנפי החסידה ותשאנה את האיפה בין הארץ ובין השמים ואומר אל המלאך הדובר בי אנה המה מוליכות את האיפה ויאמר אלי לבנות לה בית בארץ שנער וא"ר יוחנן זו חנופה וגסות הרוח שירדו לבבל

On condition that I am wicked,' even if he is completely righteous, she is betrothed, for he may have meditated idolatry in his mind. Ten kabs of wisdom descended to the world: nine were taken by Palestine and one by the rest of the world. Ten kabs of beauty descended to the world: nine were taken by Jerusalem and one by the rest of the world.

אין להכא נחית ואשתרבובי הוא דאשתרבובי להתם דיקא נמי דקתני לבנות לה בית ש"מ

Ten kabs of wealth descended to the world: nine were taken by the early Romans and one by the rest of the world. Ten kabs of poverty descended to the world: nine were taken by Babylon and one by the rest of the world. Ten kabs of conceit descended to the world: nine were taken by Elam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 138, n. 1.');">¹⁰</span>

איני והאמר מר סימן לגסות עניות ועניות בבבל הוא דאיכא מאי עניות עניות דתורה דכתיב (שיר השירים ח, ח) אחות לנו קטנה ושדים אין לה וא"ר יוחנן זו עילם שזכתה ללמוד ולא זכתה ללמד

and one by the rest of the world. But did not conceit descend to Babylon! But it is written: Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and behold, there came forth two women, and the wind was in their wings; now they had wings like the wings of a stork: and they lifted up the ephah between the earth and the heaven. Then said I to the angel that talked with me, Whither do these bear the ephah?

עשרה קבים גבורה ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלו פרסיים וכו' עשרה קבים כנים ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה מדי כו' עשרה קבים כשפים ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה מצרים כו' עשרה קבים נגעים ירדו לעולם ט' נטלו חזירים כו' י' קבים זנות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה ערביא כו'

And he said unto me, To build her a house in the land of Shinar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Zech. V, 9f. Shinar is Babylon.');">¹¹</span> Whereon R'Johanan said: This refers to hypocrisy and conceit, which descended to Babylon! - Yes, it did come down hither, but made its way thither [to Elam]. This follows too because it is written, to build her a house:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi offers two explanations: (i) the inf. 'to build' implies that it was only an intention, not subsequently carried out; (ii) the sing. 'her', instead of 'them', intimates that only one took up her permanent residence in Babylon, viz., hypocrisy.');">¹²</span>

עשרה קבים עזות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלה מישן כו' עשרה קבים שיחה ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלו נשים כו' עשרה קבים שכרות ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלו כושים כו' עשרה קבים שינה ירדו לעולם תשעה נטלו עבדים ואחד נטלו כל העולם כולו

this proves it. But that is not so, for a Master said: A sign of conceit is poverty, and poverty is found in Babylon! - By poverty,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which betokens conceit.');">¹³</span> poverty of learning is meant,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The conceited man is too proud to seek learning from others.');">¹⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ע"מ שאני כהן ונמצא לוי לוי ונמצא כהן נתין ונמצא ממזר ממזר ונמצא נתין בן עיר ונמצא בן כרך בן כרך ונמצא בן עיר על מנת שביתי קרוב למרחץ ונמצא רחוק רחוק ונמצא קרוב

as it is written, we have a litt sister, and she hath no breasts,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cant. VIII, 8.');">¹⁵</span> whereon R'Johanan said: This refers to Elam, which was privileged to study but not to teach.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 238. n. 5. Which proves that their conceit prevented them from attaining sufficient knowledge to teach.');">¹⁶</span> Ten kabs of strength descended to the world: nine were taken by the Persians, etc. Ten kabs of vermin descended to the world: nine were taken by Media, etc. Ten kabs of witchcraft descended to the world: nine were taken by Egypt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 460. n. 6.');">¹⁷</span>

על מנת שיש לו בת או שפחה מגודלת ואין לו או על מנת שאין לו ויש לו על מנת שאין לו בנים ויש לו או על מנת שיש לו ואין לו ובכולם אע"פ שאמרה בלבי היה להתקדש לו אעפ"כ אינה מקודשת וכן היא שהטעתו

etc. Ten kabs of sores descended to the world: nine were taken by swine, etc. Ten kabs of immorality descended to the world: nine were taken by Arabia, etc. Ten kabs of impudence descended to the world: nine were taken by Mesene.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The island formed by the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Royal Canal.');">¹⁸</span> Ten kabs of gossip descended to the world: nine were taken by women, etc. Ten kabs of drunkenness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec, 'blackness'.');">¹⁹</span> descended to the world: nine were taken by Ethiopians, etc. Ten kabs of sleep descended to the world: nine were taken by slaves,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. B.M. 64b-65a.');">²⁰</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ההוא גברא דזבין לנכסיה אדעתא למיסק לארץ ישראל ובעידנא דזבין לא אמר ולא מידי אמר רבא הוי דברים שבלב ודברים שבלב אינם דברים מנא ליה לרבא הא אילימא מהא דתנן

and one by the rest of the world. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>'[BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME] ON CONDITION THAT I AM A PRIEST,' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A LEVITE, OR 'A LEVITE' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A PRIEST; A NATHIN,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²¹</span> AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A MAMZER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²²</span> OR 'A MAMZER' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A NATHIN; 'A TOWNSMAN, AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A VILLAGER, OR 'A VILLAGER' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE A TOWNSMAN; 'ON CONDITION THAT MY HOUSE IS NEAR TO THE BATHS,' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE FAR, OR 'FAR' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE NEAR; ON CONDITION THAT HE HAS A DAUGHTER OR MAIDSERVANT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 245.');">²³</span> THAT IS GROWN UP,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Meguddeleth, others: 'a hairdresser' Tosaf. Ri].');">²⁴</span> AND HE HAS NOT, 'OR ON CONDITION THAT I HAVE [THEM] NOT', AND HE HAS; 'ON CONDITION THAT HE HAS NO SONS', AND HE HAS, OR 'ON CONDITION THAT HE HAS SONS, AND HE HAS NONE-IN ALL THESE CASES, EVEN IF SHE DECLARES, IT WAS MY INTENTION TO BECOME BETROTHED TO HIM NOTWITHSTANDING,' SHE IS NOT BETROTHED. IT IS LIKEWISE SO IF IT WAS SHE WHO DECEIVES HIM. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>A certain man sold his property with the intention of emigrating to Palestine, but when selling he said nothing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And subsequently he was prevented from going.');">²⁵</span> Said Raba: That is a mental stipulation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it is words that are in the heart'.');">²⁶</span> and such is not recognised.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'words that are in the heart are no words'. Even though we know that that was his reason, e.g., he had mentioned it previously.');">²⁷</span> How does Raba know this? Shall we say, from what we learnt: