Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Makkot 32

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1

התם גברא בר תשלומין הוא ושיעבודא דגר הוא דקא פקע

There [he isn't nullifying the remedial commandment] because he is still liable to repay [the proselyte's pledge], it is only the proselyte's claim that stopped.

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2

והא איכא פאה דרחמנא אמר (ויקרא כג, כב) לא תכלה פאת וגו' לעני ולגר תעזוב אותם וגו'

But there is Pea'uh. That the Torah says (Leviticus 23,22) "You shall not begin [to reap] the corner. etc." "to the pauper and the proselyte you should give them. etc." That you find in this both Kimu v'lo Kimu and Bitlo v'lo Bitlo.

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3

דמשכחת לה בקיימו ולא קיימו ביטלו ולא ביטלו דתנן מצות פאה להפריש מן הקמה לא הפריש מן הקמה מפריש מן העומרין לא הפריש מן העומרין מפריש מן הכרי עד שלא מירח מירחו מעשר ונותן לו

That we learned in a baraisa, The mitzvah of pea'uh is to separate from the standing grain. If one did not separate from the standing grain, he should separate from the bundles. If he did not separate from the bundles, he should separate from the pile until he smooths it. Once he smoothes it, [making it subject to maiser] he should separate maiser and then give it [to the poor. Thus it is subject to nullification if he makes it into dough. So why is this not also a good example of a case where it's possible to nullify the remedial commpandment?].

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4

כדרבי ישמעאל דאמר אף מפריש מן העיסה ולר' ישמעאל נמי משכחת לה דאכל עיסה

[Because Rebbi Yochanon holds] according to Rebbi Yishmael who says, He may even separate pe'uh from the dough. But according to Rebbi Yishmael a way to nullify the commandment can also be found, in a case where he eats the dough?

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5

אלא זאת ועוד אחרת אהא אבל אונס לא דהיכא אמרינן על דעת רבים אין לו הפרה לדבר הרשות אבל לדבר מצוה יש לו הפרה

Rather [when Rebbi Yochanon said] this and one other case, he was referring to [Pe'uh], but not oniess. Because where do we say that a vow made on public consent cannot be annulled? For an optional matter. But [a vow] related to performing a mitzvah is subject to annulment.

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6

כי הא דההוא מקרי דרדקי דהוה פשע בינוקי אדריה רב אחא ואהדריה רבינא דלא אשתכח דדייק כוותיה:

Like by the schoolteacher that would hit the children. Rav Acha made a vow against him teaching, but Ravina annulled it, because there couldn't be found one as precise as he.

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7

והאוכל נבילות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים וכו': אמר רב יהודה האי מאן דאכל ביניתא דבי כרבא מלקינן ליה משום (ויקרא יא, כט) שרץ השורץ על הארץ ההוא דאכל ביניתא דבי כרבא ונגדיה רב יהודה

And one who eats carcasses and impure animals, things that are abominable and things that creep. Rav Yehudah said, one who eats a cabbage worm is liable to malkus because of the verses that start (Leviticus 11,29) "the swarming things that swarm upon the ground". There was a person who ate a cabbage worm and Rav Yehuda gave him malkus.

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8

אמר אביי אכל פוטיתא לוקה ארבעה

Abaye says, if one ate a poetissa [a type ow water creature] he gets four sets of malkus. [two for all insects + two for aquatic insects]

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9

נמלה לוקה חמש משום שרץ השורץ על הארץ

[If one eats] an ant, he gets five malkus [two for insects + three for land insects] because of the verses that start (Leviticus 11,29) "the swarming things that swarm upon the ground".

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10

צרעה לוקה שש משום (דברים יד, יט) שרץ העוף

[If one eats] a hornet, he gets six malkus [two for insects + three for land insects and one for flying insects] because of the verse (Deuteronomy 14,19) "that swarm in the air".

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11

אמר רב אחאי המשהה את נקביו עובר משום (ויקרא כ, כה) לא תשקצו אמר רב ביבי בר אביי האי מאן דשתי בקרנא דאומנא קא עבר משום לא תשקצו

Rav Achai says, One who holds back his bodily functions transgresses the verses (Leviticus 20, 25) "Do not makes yourself abominable" Rav Bivi bar Abaye said, A person who drinks from a bloodletter's tube transgresses the prohibition of "do not make yourself abominable".

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12

אמר רבא בר רב הונא ריסק תשעה נמלים והביא אחד חי והשלימן לכזית לוקה ו' ה' משום בריה ואחד משום כזית נבילה רבא א"ר יוחנן אפילו שנים והוא רב יוסף אמר אפילו אחד והוא ולא פליגי הא ברברבי והא בזוטרי:

Rava bar Rav Huna says, If one mashes up nine ants and brings in one live [ant] and they combine to form an olive's volume, he is liable to six sets of malkus [for eating it]. Five for the live ant and one for eating an olive's volume of a carcass. Rava said in the name of Rebbi Yochanon, [A person is liable to those six malkus] even if it was two [dead ants] and the one [live ant]. Rav Yosef said, Even if it is one [dead ant] and the one [live ant]. But they do not argue. This one is [talking about] larger [ants], while this one is [discussing] smaller [ants].

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13

אכל טבל ומעשר ראשון כו': אמר רב אכל טבל של מעשר עני לוקה

If one eats Tevel [untithed foods] or Maiser Rishon etc. Rav said, If one ate tevel of maiser ani [all the tithes besides maser ani were already separated] he is liable to malkus.

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14

כמאן כי האי תנא דתניא אמר ר' יוסי יכול לא יהא חייב אלא על הטבל שלא הורם ממנו כל עיקר הורם ממנו תרומה גדולה ולא הורם ממנו מעשר ראשון מעשר ראשון ולא מעשר שני ואפי' מעשר עני מנין

Who is this ruling in accordance with? It's in accordance to the following Tanna, that it was taught in a baraisa, Rebbi Yossi said, I might think that a person is only liable for tevel which no tithes were separated from. But if he separated terumah gedolah but did not separate maiser rishon, or he separated maiser rishon but did not separate maiser sheni, or even if maeser ani [was the only tithe unseparated], where do we know [that he is still liable for eating it]?

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15

ת"ל (דברים יב, יז) לא תוכל לאכול בשעריך וגו' ולהלן הוא אומר (דברים כו, יב) ואכלו בשעריך ושבעו מה להלן מעשר עני אף כאן מעשר עני ואמר רחמנא לא תוכל

The Torah teaches us, (Deuteronomy 12, 17) "Do not proceed to eat within your gates etc." and then later on the Torah writes, (Deutermony 26, 12) "And they may eat it in their gates and be satisfied", just as over there the verse is refering to maiser ani, so to here the verse is refering to maiser ani, and the Torah here says about it "You shall not eat".

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16

אמר רב יוסף כתנאי ר"א אומר אין צריך לקרות את השם על מעשר עני של דמאי וחכ"א

Rav Yosef says, It is subject to a tannaic dispute. Rebbi Meir says One need not designate by name maiser ani of demai [questionable produce bought from an ignoramus], but the sages say

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