Shabbat 39

ובגבולין כדי שתאחוז האור ברובו ר' יהודה אומר בפחמין כל שהוא:

BUT IN THE COUNTRY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'borders', the technical term for Palestine in contradistinction to the Temple (and generally, though not here, to Jerusalem). ');">¹</span> THERE MUST BE TIME FOR THE FIRE TO TAKE HOLD OF ITS GREATER PART.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. of the logs. ');">²</span> R. JUDAH SAID: IN THE CASE OF CHARCOAL, JUST A LITTLE [SUFFICES].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Providing that the coals start burning before nightfall, even if only slightly, it is permitted. ');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> וכמה א"ר אלעזר אמר רב כדי שיצולו מבעו"י כמאכל בן דרוסאי איתמר נמי אמר רב אסי א"ר יוחנן כל שהוא כמאכל בן דרוסאי אין בו משום בישולי נכרים תניא חנניא אומר כל שהוא כמאכל בן דרוסאי מותר להשהותו ע"ג כירה ואע"פ שאין גרופה וקטומה:

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. And how much?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Must the meat etc. be roasted before the Sabbath? ');">⁴</span> — R. Eleazar said in Rab's name: That it may be roasted before sunset as the food of the son of Derusai.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a third done. Rashi: he was a robber and always ate in a hurry. ');">⁵</span> It was stated likewise: R. Assi said in R. Johanan's name: Whatever is as the food of the son of Derusai's not subject to [the interdict of] the cooking of Gentiles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Food cooked entirely by Gentiles is forbidden; but if a third done by a Jew, it may be finished by a Gentile. ');">⁶</span>

אין נותנין את הפת כו': איבעיא להו תחתון האיך דגבי תנור או דילמא תחתון האיך דגבי האור ת"ש ר"א אומר כדי שיקרמו פניה המדובקין בתנור:

It was taught: Hanina said: Whatever is as the food of the son of Derusai may be kept on the stove,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath; i.e., if it was a third done before. ');">⁷</span> though it is not swept [clear of the cinders] and besprinkled with ashes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 36b. ');">⁸</span> BREAD MAY NOT BE PUT, etc. The scholars propounded: Does the BOTTOM [surface] mean the one by the oven, or perhaps BOTTOM means the one by the fire?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The oven or stove would appear to have been without a closed bottom, but perhaps consisted of a number of bars over the fire, and the loaves were placed thereon and pressed to the sides of the oven; v. T.A., pp. 87f- The question is whether BOTTOM surface means the surface directly on the open bars facing the fire underneath, or that adhering to the side of the oven. ');">⁹</span>

משלשלין את הפסח: מ"ט משום דבני חבורה זריזין הן הא לאו הכי לא והאמר מר גדיא בין שריק בין לא שריק שפיר דמי התם מינתח הכא לא מינתח:

— Come and hear: R. Eleazar said: There must be time for the surface adhering to the oven to form a crust. THE PASSOVER SACRIFICE MAY BE LOWERED, [etc.]. What is the reason? — Because the members of the company are extremely careful.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 82, n. 11. ');">¹⁰</span> But otherwise, it would not [be permitted]? Yet a Master said: [With the flesh of) a kid, whether it [the oven] is daubed round or not, it is well?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 18b. ');">¹¹</span>

ומאחיזין את האור וכו': מנהני מילי אמר רב הונא (שמות לה, ג) לא תבערו אש בכל מושבותיכם בכל מושבותיכם אי אתה מבעיר אבל אתה מבעיר במדורת בית המוקד מתקיף לה רב חסדא אי הכי אפילו בשבת נמי אלא אמר רב חסדא קרא כי אתא למשרי אברים ופדרים הוא דאתא וכהנים זריזין הן:

— There it is cut up, whereas here it is not cut up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Passover sacrifice was roasted whole. Hence the draught would not injure it, and therefore it is permitted only on account of the reason stated. ');">¹²</span> AND THE FIRE IS LIGHTED WITH CHIPS, etc. Whence do we know this? — Said R. Huna: Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXV, 3. ');">¹³</span> [only] throughout your habitations you may not kindle, but you may kindle in the pile in the chamber of the Hearth. R. Hisda demurred: If so, even on the Sabbath too!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Let it be permitted. ');">¹⁴</span>

ובגבולין כדי שתאחוז כו': מאי רובן אמר רב רוב כל אחד ואחד ושמואל אמר כדי שלא יאמרו הבא עצים ונניח תחתיהן תנא רב חייא לסיועיה לשמואל כדי שתהא שלהבת עולה מאיליה ולא שתהא שלהבת עולה ע"י דבר אחר

Rather, said R. Hisda: The verse, when it comes, conies to permit [the burning of] limbs and the fat;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of animals sacrificed on Friday; these may be burnt on Friday night, the interpretation being, 'through all your habitations', i.e., for a secular purpose, but not for a sacred purpose. ');">¹⁵</span> while the priests are very particular.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is the real reason of the ruling in the Mishnah, as explained in p. 83, n. 2. ');">¹⁶</span> BUT IN THE COUNTRY, THERE MUST BE TIME FOR THE FIRE TO TAKE HOLD, etc. What is meant by 'their greater part?' — Rab said: the greater part of each [<i>log</i>]; and Samuel said: That it should not be said, Let us bring chips to place under them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' it should be burning strongly enough not to require such assistance. ');">¹⁷</span>

עץ יחידי רב אמר רוב עביו ואמרי לה ברוב היקפו אמר רב פפא הלכך בעינן רוב עביו ובעינן רוב היקפו כתנאי ר' חייא אמר כדי שישחת העץ ממלאכת האומן רבי יהודה בן בתירא אומר כדי שתאחז האש משני צדדין ואע"פ שאין ראיה לדבר זכר לדבר (יחזקאל טו, ד) את שני קצותיו אכלה האש ותוכו נחר היצלח למלאכה:

R. Hiyya taught [a Baraitha which affords] support to Samuel: That the flame should ascend of its own accord, and not with the help of something else.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 21a (p. 89). But Rashi observes that its author there is Hama b. Hama, and further that it is not a Baraitha, and so he mentions that other scholars relate it immediately to this Mishnah, whereof it is an explanation. ');">¹⁸</span> As to a single <i>log</i>, Rab said: The greater part of its thickness;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fire must take hold of the greater part of its thickness before the Sabbath. ');">¹⁹</span> while others state, The greater part of its circumference. R. Papa observed: Therefore we require the greater part of both its thickness and its circumference. This is a controversy of Tannaim: R. Hiyya said: That the <i>log</i> may be rendered unfit for an artisan's work;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the fire must take hold of the greater part of its thickness. ');">²⁰</span>

(ירמיהו לו, כב) והאח לפניו מבערת מאי אח אמר רב אחוונא ושמואל אמר עצים שנדלקו באחוונא ההוא דאמר להו מאן בעי אחוונא אשתכח ערבתא

R. Judah b. Bathyra said: That the fire should take hold on both sides.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the greater part of its circumference. ');">²¹</span> And though there is no proof of the matter, there is a hint thereof: the fire hath devoured both the ends of it, and the midst of it is burned; is it profitable for any work.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XV, 4. ');">²²</span> And there was a fire in the ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A.V. hearth; R.V. brazier. ');">²³</span>

א"ר הונא קנים אין צריכין רוב אגדן צריכין רוב גרעינין אין צריכין רוב נתנן בחותלות צריכין רוב מתקיף לה רב חסדא אדרבה איפכא מסתברא קנים מבדרן אגדן לא מבדרן גרעינין מבדרן נתנן בחותלות לא מבדרן איתמר נמי

burning before him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jer. XXXVI, 22. ');">²⁴</span> What is 'ah?' — Rab said, Willow-fire;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H]; willow twigs used for kindling a fire. ');">²⁵</span> while Samuel said: Logs kindled by willowfire. A certain man announced, who wants ahwawna? and it was found to be willows. R. Huna said: Canes do not require the greater part,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' it is sufficient if they are kindled before the Sabbath, even if the greater part has not caught on, because they will go on burning without further attention. ');">²⁶</span> [but] if they are tied together, the greater part is required;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be burning before the Sabbath, because the air has no access and it may otherwise require attention. ');">²⁷</span> kernels [of dates] do not require the greater part; but if they are put in bales they require the greater part. R. Hisda demurred: On the contrary, [separate] canes may fall apart,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And fail to catch alight from each other, thus necessitating attention. ');">²⁸</span> but if tied together they cannot fall apart; kernels can fall apart, but if placed in bales they cannot? It was stated likewise,