Shabbat 38

לא יגמור ורבי אלעזר אמר רבי אלעזר היא דתנן חלות דבש שריסקן בערב שבת ויצאו מעצמן אסור ורבי אלעזר מתיר

One may not finish them [at night].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A heavy weight was placed upon them to cause their juice to run out, and the controversy is whether this may be done on the Sabbath, since they were already crushed before. ');">¹</span> And R. Eleazar [b. Pedath] said, It is R. Eleazar [b. Shammua']. For we learnt: If honeycombs are crushed on the eve of Sabbath and it [the honey] exudes spontaneously,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath. ');">²</span> it is forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To consume them on the Sabbath. ');">³</span> but R. Eleazar permits it. Now, as to R. Jose son of R. Hanina, what is the reason that he did not answer as R. Eleazar? — He can tell you: it is only there [that R. Eleazar permits it], since it was originally food and still food;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Honey is a food, not a drink, even after it oozes out. ');">⁴</span>

ור' יוסי בר חנינא מ"ט לא אמר כרבי אלעזר אמר לך התם הוא דמעיקרא אוכל ולבסוף אוכל הכא מעיקרא אוכל והשתא משקה ור' אלעזר אמר לך הא שמעינן ליה לר' אלעזר דאפילו זיתים וענבים נמי שרי דהא כי אתא רב הושעיא מנהרדעא אתא ואייתי מתניתא בידיה זיתים וענבים שריסקן מערב שבת ויצאו מעצמן אסורין ר' אלעזר ור"ש מתירין ורבי יוסי בר חנינא ברייתא לא שמיע ליה

but here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case of the Mishnah, where the oil exudes from the olives, etc. ');">⁵</span> it was originally food and now a liquid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Olives and grapes are food; oil and wine are liquid. Since it changes so much on the Sabbath, it may be that R. Eleazar forbids it. ');">⁶</span> And R. Eleazar [b. Pedath]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Does he not admit the force of this argument? ');">⁷</span> — He can answer you: But we know R. Eleazar [b. Shammua'] to hold that even olives and grapes are also permitted. For when R. Hoshaya came from Nehardea, he came and brought a Baraitha in his hands: If olives and grapes are crushed on the eve of Sabbath and they [their juices] exude spontaneously, they are forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For drinking on the Sabbath. ');">⁸</span> R. Eleazar and R. Simeon permit it. And R. Jose b. R. Hanina? — He did not know this Baraitha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This may also mean: he rejects the authenticity of this Baraitha, for not all Baraithas were of equal authority. ');">⁹</span>

ור' אלעזר מ"ט לא אמר כר' יוסי בר חנינא אמר לך לאו איתמר עלה אמר רבא בר חנינא אמר רבי יוחנן במחוסרין דיכה דכ"ע לא פליגי כי פליגי במחוסרין שחיקה והני נמי כמחוסרין דיכה דמו הורה רבי יוסי בר חנינא כרבי ישמעאל

And R. Eleazar! what is the reason that he did not answer as R. Jose son of R. Hanina? — He can tell you: was it not stated thereon:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Mishnah quoted by R. Jose b. R. Hanina. ');">¹⁰</span> where they lack crushing there is no controversy at all;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is certainly forbidden on all views. ');">¹¹</span> they differ only where pounding is lacking:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Pounding' (shehikah) connotes a further stage in the process, after crushing. ');">¹²</span> and these too<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah. ');">¹³</span> are similar to those that lack crushing. R. Jose son of R. Hanina gave a practical decision in accordance with R. Ishmael.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra a bottom. ');">¹⁴</span>

שמן של בדדין ומחצלות של בדדין רב אסר ושמואל שרי הני כרכי דזוזי רב אסר ושמואל שרי א"ר נחמן עז לחלבה ורחל לגיזתה ותרנגולת לביצתה ותורי דרידיא ותמרי דעיסקא רב אסר ושמואל אמר מותר וקמיפלגי בפלוגת' דר' יהודה ור' שמעון

As to the oil belonging to the pressers, and the mats of the pressers:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The remnants of the oil in the corners and the oil which gathered in the mats with which the olives were covered belonged to the workers who pressed it out. ');">¹⁵</span> Rab forbade it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be handled on the Sabbath. ');">¹⁶</span> and Samuel permitted it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This oil is 'mukzeh,' v. p. 81, n. 4, and it is disputed infra 44a et passim whether such may be handled on the Sabbath. Rab and Samuel differ on the same question. ');">¹⁷</span> As to coupled mattings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keroke ([H]) connotes mattings which can be rolled up, and zuze means in pairs. Rashi explains: mattings used in couples to form a roof-like protection for merchandise. He also quotes a variant found in Geonic responsa: [H] ship mattings. ');">¹⁸</span> Rab forbids them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be handled on the Sabbath. ');">¹⁹</span>

ההוא תלמידא דאורי בחרתא דארגיז כרבי שמעון שמתיה רב המנונא והא כר' שמעון סבירא לן באתריה דרב הוה לא איבעי ליה למיעבד הכי הני תרי תלמידי חד מציל בחד מנא וחד מציל בארבע וחמש מאני וקמיפלגי בפלוגתא דרבה בר זבדא ורב הונא:

and Samuel permits [them]. R. Nahman said: As to a goat [kept] for its milk, a ewe for its shearings, a fowl for its eggs, oxen for ploughing and dates for trading: Rab forbids, and Samuel permits [them],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. next note. ');">²⁰</span> and they differ in the controversy of R. Simeon and R. Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 156b on 'mukzeh'. All these are 'mukzeh', set apart, i.e., their owner has set them apart not to be eaten but for the purposes stated, and it is disputed infra 156b whether one may change his mind and slaughter them on Festivals for food. With the exception of dates kept for trading the present controversy is in respect of Festivals, whilst that of dates refers to the Sabbath too. ');">²¹</span> A certain disciple gave a practical decision in Harta of Argiz<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In S. Babylon on the right arm of the Euphrates, subsequently called Hira. Obermeyer, Landschaft, p. 234. ');">²²</span> in accordance with R. Simeon;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the above are permitted. ');">²³</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אין צולין בשר בצל וביצה אלא כדי שיצולו מבעוד יום אין נותנין פת לתנור עם חשכה ולא חררה על גבי גחלים אלא כדי שיקרמו פניה מבעוד יום רא"א כדי שיקרום התחתון שלה משלשלין את הפסח בתנור עם חשכה ומאחיזין את האור במדורת בית המוקד

thereupon R. Hamnuna banned him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A form of excommunication. The banned person observed certain mourning rites and was shunned by his colleagues. Generally speaking it lasted for thirty days. ');">²⁴</span> But do we not hold as R. Simeon? — It was in the place of Rab,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it was within his jurisdiction. ');">²⁵</span> and so he should have acted accordingly. There were two disciples: one saved [food, etc.] in one utensil, and one saved [it] in four or five utensils;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They saved them from being destroyed in a fire. ');">²⁶</span> and they differ in the same dispute as that of Rabbah b. Zabda and R. Huna.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra i 20a. ');">²⁷</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. MEAT, ONION[S], AND EGG[S] MAY NOT BE ROASTED UNLESS THEY CAN BE ROASTED WHILE IT IS YET DAY. BREAD MAY NOT BE PUT INTO AN OVEN JUST BEFORE NIGHTFALL, NOR A CAKE UPON COALS, UNLESS ITS SURFACE CAN FORM A CRUST WHILE IT IS YET DAY; R. ELEAZAR SAID: THERE MUST BE TIME FOR THE BOTTOM [SURFACE] THEREOF TO FORM A CRUST. THE PASSOVER SACRIFICE MAY BE LOWERED INTO THE OVEN JUST BEFORE NIGHTFALL;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And left to roast on the Sabbath. We have no fear that one may rake the coals on the Sabbath (v. supra 18b), ');">²⁸</span> AND THE FIRE MAY BE LIGHTED WITH CHIPS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ma'ahizin means to ignite logs by means of burning chips. ');">²⁹</span> IN THE PILE IN THE CHAMBER OF THE HEARTH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A room where the priests warmed themselves, as they performed the service in the Temple barefoot and became cold. The priests were very careful, and so it is sufficient if the fire just catches on, and no fear is entertained that they may forgetfully rake it into a blaze in the evening. ');">³⁰</span>