Shabbat 71

לתינוק בציבור נמי חזי לגמע לתינוק עני ותו הא דתניא כשם שמטלטלין את השופר כך מטלטלין את חצוצרות מני אלא לא קשיא הא ר' יהודה הא ר' שמעון הא ר' נחמיה

Then in the case of a community['s] too, it is fit for giving a drink to a poor child?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The community has to look after him, and therefore the community's shofar may be used for this purpose. ');">¹</span> Moreover, as to what was taught: 'Just as a <i>shofar</i> may be moved, so may a trumpet be moved': with whom does that agree? — Rather [reply thus]; there is no difficulty: one agrees with R. Judah, one with R. Simeon, and one with R. Nehemiah;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (i) R. Judah holds that a shofar may be moved, since it can be put to a permitted use, but not a trumpet. This can be used only in a way that is forbidden on the Sabbath, sc. drawing a blast, and is therefore mukzeh (q.v. Glos.), the handling of which R. Judah prohibits on the Sabbath, (ii) R. Simeon holds that mukzeh may be handled, hence both may be moved. (iii) R. Nehemiah holds that a utensil may be handled only for its normal use: hence both are forbidden: ');">²</span>

ומאי שופר נמי חצוצרות כדרב חסדא דא"ר חסדא הני תלת מילי אישתני שמייהו מכי חרב בית המקדש חצוצרתא שופרא שופרא חצוצרתא למאי נפקא מינה לשופר של ראש השנה

and what indeed is meant by '<i>shofar</i>', a trumpet,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the first Baraitha, once it is stated that a shofar may not be moved, though it can be put to a permitted use, a trumpet need not be mentioned. Hence it is stated that the language changed in the course of time, 'shofar' and 'trumpet' reversing their meaning. Thus the first Baraitha first states that a trumpet may not be handled, and then adds that the same applies even to a shofar. ');">³</span> in accordance with R. Hisda. For R. Hisda said: The following three things reversed their designations after the destruction of the Temple: [i] trumpet [changed to] <i>shofar</i>, and <i>shofar</i> to trumpet. What is the practical bearing thereof? in respect of the <i>shofar</i> [blown] on New Year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XXIII, 24; Num. XXIX, 1. This must be blown on what is popularly called a trumpet, which is really a shofar (ram's horn). ');">⁴</span>

ערבה צפצפה צפצפה ערבה למאי נ"מ ללולב

[ii] 'Arabah [willow] [changed to] <i>zafzafah</i> and <i>zafzafah</i> to 'Arabah. What is the practical bearing thereof? — In respect of the lulab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The palm-branch; V. Lev. XXIII, 40. For the willow (Heb. 'arabah), what is now called zafzafah must be taken. ');">⁵</span> [iii] Pathora<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A small money-changer's table, counter. ');">⁶</span>

פתורה פתורתא פתורתא פתורה למאי נ"מ למקח וממכר

[changed to] pathorta<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A large table. ');">⁷</span> and pathorta to Pathora. What is the practical bearing thereof? — In respect of buying and selling.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If one orders a pathora it now means a large table. ');">⁸</span>

אמר אביי אף אנו נאמר הובלילא בי כסי בי כסי הובלילא למאי נפקא מינה למחט שנמצאת בעובי בית הכוסות דמצד אחד כשירה ומשני צדדים טריפה

Abaye observed: We too can state: <i>Hoblila</i> [changed to] be kasse and be kasse to <i>hoblila</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hoblila is the second stomach in ruminants; be kasse the first. But nowadays the terms have reversed their meanings. ');">⁹</span> What is the practical bearing thereof? In respect of a needle which is found in the thickness of the beth hakosoth,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the be kasse. ');">¹⁰</span>

אמר רב אשי אף אנו נאמר בבל בורסיף בורסיף בבל

which if [found] on one side, it [the animal] is fit [for food]; if through both sides,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., penetrating both sides of the wall. ');">¹¹</span> it [the animal] is <i>terefah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unfit for food. Abaye states that this law applies only to what is now called hoblila. ');">¹²</span> R. Ashi said, We too will state: Babylon [changed to] Borsif and Borsif to Babylon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The town Babylon is on the Euphrates, and Borsipha is on an arm of the Euphrates. V. Obermeyer, P. 314 and map. ');">¹³</span>