Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Berakhot 30

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1

דילמא רבי יהודה היא ולכתחלה הוא דלא הא דיעבד שפיר דמי

perhaps it is R. Judah's view and ab initio it is not permitted, but post factum it is valid ?

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2

לא ס"ד דקתני חרש דומיא דשוטה וקטן מה שוטה וקטן דיעבד נמי לא אף חרש דיעבד נמי לא

This cannot enter thy mind ; because the Mishnah refers to a deaf person exactly as to the mentally defective and minor ; and therefore, as in the case of a mentally defective and minor even post factum [the reading of the Megillah] is invalid, so also if a deaf person has read it, it is likewise invalid.

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3

ודילמא הא כדאיתא והא כדאיתא

But perhaps the two have to be kept distinct!

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4

ומי מצית לאוקמה כרבי יהודה והא מדקתני סיפא רבי יהודה מכשיר בקטן מכלל דרישא לאו רבי יהודה היא

Still thou canst not possibly maintain that it is in accord with R. Judah ; because from what is stated in the sequel, "R. Judah allows a minor to read [the Megillah]" it is to be inferred that the first part is not R. Judah's view !

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5

ודילמא כולה ר' יהודה היא ותרי גווני קטן וחסורי מחסרא והכי קתני הכל כשרין לקרות את המגילה חוץ מחש"ו בד"א בקטן שלא הגיע לחנוך אבל קטן שהגיע לחנוך אפילו לכתחלה כשר דברי רבי יהודה שרבי יהודה מכשיר בקטן

But perhaps the whole of it is R. Judah's view, there being two kinds of "minor," and [the wording of the Mishnah] is defective and should read thus : "All are fit and proper persons to read the Megillah except a deaf person, a mentally defective person and a minor. Of whom does this speak ? Of a minor who has not yet reached Initiation; but a minor who has reached Initiation is fit to read it even ab initio. These are the words of R. Judah, for R. Judah permits a minor to read."

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6

במאי אוקימתא כר"י ודיעבד אין לכתחלה לא אלא הא דתני ר"י בריה דר' שמעון בן פזי חרש המדבר ואינו שומע תורם לכתחלה

Having demonstrated that [the Mishnah about the reading of the Megillah] is in accord with R. Judah and post factum it is permissible, but not ab initio, what, however, of the teaching of R. Judah, the son of R. Simeon b. Pazzi : A deaf person who speaks but cannot hear may separate the Terumah ab initio ? Whose view is that?

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7

מני לא ר' יהודה ולא ר' יוסי אי ר' יהודה דיעבד אין לכתחלה לא אי ר' יוסי דיעבד נמי לא

It cannot be R. Judah's, nor R. Jose's. If R. Judah's, post factum it should be allowed, but not ab initio; if R. Jose's, even post factum it should be invalid. Whose view is it then ?

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8

אלא מאי ר' יהודה ואפילו לכתחלה נמי אלא הא דתניא לא יברך אדם ברכת המזון בלבו ואם בירך יצא מני

R. Judah's and even ab initio it is permissible. What, however, of the following ? There is a teaching : A man must not say Grace after meals in his heart ; but if he has done so, he has complied with the requirements of the law. Whose view is that ?

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9

לא ר' יהודה ולא ר' יוסי אי רבי יהודה הא אמר אפי' לכתחלה נמי ואי ר' יוסי הא אמר אפי' דיעבד נמי לא

It is not R. Judah's, nor R. Jose's. If R. Judah's, he would allow that to act thus ab initio likewise complies with the requirements of the law ; if R. Jose's, even post factum it is not valid.

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10

לעולם ר' יהודה היא ואפילו לכתחלה נמי ולא קשיא הא דידיה הא דרביה דתניא א"ר יהודה משום ר' אלעזר בן עזריה הקורא את שמע צריך שישמיע לאזנו שנאמר שמע ישראל אמר לו ר' מאיר הרי הוא אומר אשר אנכי מצוך היום על לבבך אחר כונת הלב הן הן הדברים

It is certainly R. Judah's view, and even ab initio it is valid. Nor is there any contradiction ; the latter being R. Judah's own opinion, the other that of his teacher. For there is a teaching : R. Judah says in the name of R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah : He who reads the Shema' must make it audible to his ear ; as it is said, "Hear O Israel." R. Meir said to him : Behold the Scriptures state, "And these words which I command thee this day shall be upon thy heart," i.e. the words depend upon the Kawwanah of the heart.

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11

השתא דאתית להכי אפי' תימא ר' יהודה כרביה ס"ל ולא קשיא הא ר' יהודה הא רבי מאיר

Since thou hast reached so far, thou mayest even suppose that R. Judah agrees with his teacher's opinion ; and there is no contradiction, one being R. Judah's view, the other R. Meir's.

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12

א"ר חסדא אמר רב שילא הלכה כרבי יהודה שאמר משום רבי אלעזר בן עזריה והלכה כרבי יהודה

Rab Hisda said in the name of Rab Shela: The Halakah is in accord with R. Judah's view which he reported in the name of R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah, and the Halakah is in accord with R. Judah.

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13

וצריכא דאי אשמעינן הלכה כר' יהודה הוה אמינא אפילו לכתחלה קמ"ל הלכה כר' יהודה שאמר משום ר' אלעזר בן עזריה

It is necessary [to state it in this way] ; for if he had informed us only that the Halakah is in accord with R. Judah, I might have supposed [the Shema' need not be read audibly] ab initio ; therefore he tells us that the Halakah is in accord with R. Judah's view which he reported in the name of R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah.

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14

ואי אשמעינן הלכה כרבי יהודה שאמר משום ר' אלעזר בן עזריה הוה אמינא צריך ואין לו תקנה קמ"ל הלכה כרבי יהודה

And if he had informed us only that the Halakah is in accord with R. Judah's view which he reported in the name of R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah, I might have supposed that it is essential [for the Shema' to be read audibly ab initio] and there was no rectification [if this had not been done]. Therefore he informs us that the Halakah is in accord with R. Judah.

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15

אמר רב יוסף מחלוקת בק"ש אבל בשאר מצות דברי הכל לא יצא דכתיב (דברים כז, ט) הסכת ושמע ישראל

Rab Joseph said : The dispute is only over the reading of the Shema', but with other commandments all agree that [if inaudible] he has not complied with the requirements of the law ; for it is written, "Attend and hear, O Israel" (Deut. xxvii. 9).

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16

מיתיבי לא יברך אדם ברכת המזון בלבו ואם בירך יצא אלא אי אתמר הכי אתמר אמר רב יוסף מחלוקת בק"ש דכתיב שמע ישראל אבל בשאר מצות דברי הכל יצא

But it is quoted in objection : One may not say the Grace after meals in his heart ; but if he has done so, he has complied with the requirements of the law ! But if [the statement of Rab Joseph] was reported, it must have been reported as follows : [Rab Joseph said] : The dispute is only over the reading of the Shema' ; for it is written, "Hear O Israel" ; but with other commandments all agree that [if inaudible] he has complied with the requirements of the law.

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17

והכתיב הסכת ושמע ישראל

But it is written, "Attend and hear, O Israel" !

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18

ההוא בדברי תורה כתיב:

That refers to reading the Scriptures.

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19

קרא ולא דקדק באותיותיה:

If he had read it without distinctly pronouncing its letters.

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20

א"ר טבי א"ר יאשיה הלכה כדברי שניהם להקל:

R. Tabi said in the name of R. Josiah : The Halakah is in accord with the more lenient view in both instances.

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21

וא"ר טבי א"ר יאשיה מאי דכתיב (משלי ל, טו) שלש הנה לא תשבענה שאול ועוצר רחם וכי מה ענין שאול אצל רחם אלא לומר לך מה רחם מכניס ומוציא אף שאול מכניס ומוציא

R. Tabi also said in the name of R. Josiah : What means that which is written, "There are three things that are never satisfied... the grave, and the barren womb," etc. (Prov, xxx. 15 f.) — what is the connection between "the grave" and "the barren womb"? Its intention is to tell thee that as the womb receives and yields up, so the grave receives and yields up.

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22

והלא דברים ק"ו ומה רחם שמכניסין בו בחשאי מוציאין ממנו בקולי קולות שאול שמכניסין בו בקולי קולות אינו דין שמוציאין ממנו בקולי קולות מכאן תשובה לאומרים אין תחיית המתים מן התורה:

And may we not use the a fortiori argument ? As the womb receives [the seed] in silence and yields up [the child] with loud cries, how much more so will the grave, which receives [the body] with loud cries [of lament], yield up with loud cries ! Hence a refutation of those who assert that the resurrection of the dead is not taught in the Torah.

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23

תני ר' אושעיא קמיה דרבא וכתבתם הכל בכתב אפילו צואות

Rab Josiah taught in the presence of Raba : "And thou shalt write them" (Deut. vi. 9) means that the whole [of the first two paragraphs of the Shema'] must be written [in the Tefillin], even the words of the commands.

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24

א"ל דאמר לך מני ר' יהודה היא דאמר גבי סוטה אלות כותב צואות אינו כותב והתם הוא דכתיב (במדבר ה, כג) וכתב את האלות האלה אבל הכא דכתיב וכתבתם אפי' צואות נמי

Raba said to him : Should one ask thee whose teaching this is, it is R. Judah's; for he stated with reference to the woman suspected of adultery : One writes the curses but not the words of the command, because in this connection it is written, "And the priests shall write these curses in a scroll" (Num. v. 23), but here [in connection with Tefillin] it is written, "And thou shalt write them," i.e. even the words of the command.

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25

אטו טעמיה דר' יהודה משום דכתיב וכתב טעמיה דר' יהודה משום דכתיב אלות אלות אין צואות לא

Dost thou suppose that R. Judah's reason is because the text states, "[And the priest] shall write"? His reason is because the text states, "[And the priest shall write] these curses," i.e. the curses shall be written, but not the words of the command.

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26

אצטריך סד"א נילף כתיבה כתיבה מהתם מה התם אלות אין צואות לא אף הכא נמי צואות לא כתב רחמנא וכתבתם אפי' צואות:

It is necessary [to mention this point] ; because it might have entered thy mind that I mean we can draw an analogy from the use of the verb "to write" in the former instance, thus : As there [with reference to the woman suspected of adultery] the curses were to be written and not the words of the command, so here likewise [with the Tefillin] the words of the command were not to be written! Therefore the All-merciful wrote, "And thou shalt write them" i.e. even the words of the command.

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27

תני רב עובדיה קמיה דרבא ולמדתם שיהא למודך תם שיתן ריוח בין הדבקים

Rab Obadiah taught in the presence of Raba : "And ye shall teach" (Deut. xi. 19), i.e. let thy teaching be perfect — let one make a brief pause between words which are liable to be jumbled together,

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28

עני רבא בתריה כגון על לבבך על לבבכם בכל לבבך בכל לבבכם עשב בשדך ואבדתם מהרה הכנף פתיל אתכם מארץ

Raba added to this observation : For instance 'al lebabeka "upon thy heart" ; 'al lebabekem "upon your heart" ; bekol lebabeka "with all thy heart" ; bekol lebabekem "with all your heart" ; 'eseb besadeka "grass in thy field" ; wa'abadtem meherah "and ye will perish speedily" ; hakkanaph petil "the corner, a thread" ; etkem me'eres "you from the land."

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29

א"ר חמא ברבי חנינא כל הקורא ק"ש ומדקדק באותיותיה מצננין לו גיהנם שנאמר (תהלים סח, טו) בפרש שדי מלכים בה תשלג בצלמון אל תקרי בפרש אלא בפרש אל תקרי בצלמון אלא בצלמות:

R. Hamma b. R. Hannina said : Whoever reads the Shema' with distinct pronunciation of its letters, Gehinnom is cooled for him ; as it is said, "When the Almighty scattereth kings therein, it snoweth in Zalmon" (Ps. Ixviii. 15). Read not bephares "[When the Almighty] scattereth," but read bepharesh "When one uttereth [the name of the Almighty] distinctly" ; and read not beZalmon "in Zalmon," but besalmawet "in the shadow of death."

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30

ואמר רבי חמא ברבי חנינא למה נסמכו

R. Hamma b. R. Hannina also said : Why are there found associated

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