Chullin 110
לחיורא דתותי מתני
R'Nehuniah said: I enquired of all those who decide questions of trefah in the West and they told me that the law was in accordance with the ruling of Rakish B'Papa, but that the law was not in accordance with the ruling of R''Awira.
ולית הלכתא כרב עוירא (דרב עוירא נמי) לא אמרן אלא בקולשיה אבל בסומכיה טרפה ואי אישתייר ביה כעובי דינר זהב כשרה
It was said in the West: Whatsoever is considered a defect in the lung is not a defect in the kidney, for a perforation is a defect in the lung and is not a defect in the kidney; and of course, whatsoever is not considered a defect in the lung is not a defect in the kidney.
מתקיף לה ר' תנחומא
And indeed, take the case of clear water which [if found] in either organ is not a defect.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This question is unintelligible, and Rashi is at a loss to explain it. The fact that this is clearly implied in the second ruling which followed as a matter of course makes this statement meaningless; but v. Tosaf a.I. It seems that the entire passage is corrupt. R. Gershom comments upon this line, but on the other hand does not seem to have had the second ruling in his text. A very likely original text is to be found in the Alfasi on this passage, q.v.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
והרי מוגלא דכשר בריאה ופסול בכוליא
Amongst the various defects we cannot say that this resembles that; for an animal may be cut in one place and die, and in another place and live.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently some defect may not be accounted trefah in the lung and yet be trefah in the kidney.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
אין אומרים בטרפות זו דומה לזו שהרי חותכה מכאן ומתה חותכה מכאן וחיתה
If the kidney diminished in size,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The kidney shrivelled up or wasted away by disease; this is known as Bright's disease.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ומים זכין כשרים לא אמרן אלא דצילי אבל עכירי טרפה
down to a bean in the case of small cattle, or down to a medium sized grape in the case of large cattle, [it is trefah].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Maim. and Asheri; but v. Hal. Ged.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
(ניטל לחי התחתון:
R'Zera said: The Mishnah teaches [that it is permitted] only where the animal can continue to live by the stuffing and the pushing of food [into its gullet], but if it canno continue to live by the stuffing and the pushing of food [into its gullet] it is trefah).<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The whole of this paragraph is omitted in most MSS. Asheri remarks that the law stated in this passage is based on the authority of the Geonim, so that it is clear that it did not form part of the text of the GEMARA: Rashal deletes it from current ed. otw ,ujpryw ,hjupka');"><sup>7</sup></span>
וחרותה בידי שמים כשרה:
If its lung was shrivelled up; if by an act of God it is permitted, but if by the act of man<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A person frightened the animal either with a stick or by slaughtering another animal in its presence (Alfasi) .');"><sup>10</sup></span>
כל שצמקה ריאה שלה בידי שמים כשרה בידי אדם טרפה
It was asked: Does he [R'Simeon B'Eleazar] refer to the first clause,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a fright caused by other creatures, e.g., the roaring of a lion, would come under the category of an act of God, and would be permitted.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
תא שמע דתניא
Rabbah B'Bar Hana was once travelling through a desert when he came upon certain rams whose lungs were all shrivelled up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it was not known whether the lungs were shrivelled up by an act of God or by the act of man.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
חרותה בידי אדם טרפה רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר
He went and enquired about them at the college, and was told the following: In summer one must take white glazed basins, fill them with cold water, and leave the lungs therein for a period of twenty-four hours; if they return to their normal state it is a sign that it was caused by an act of God, and they are permitted, otherwise they are trefah.
רבה בר בר חנה הוה קאזיל במדברא אשכח הנהו דיכרי דצמיק ריאה דידהו אתא שאיל בי מדרשא אמרו ליה
glazed basins, fill them with warm water, and leave the lungs therein for a period of twenty-four hours; if they return to their normal state they are permitted, otherwise they are trefah.
חזר בו רבי מאיר
But if there remained thereof the size of a sela', it was permitted! - R'Nahman B'Isaac answered that the words, 'There was never any dispute', meant that R'Meir did not persist in the controversy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But finally agreed with the view of the Rabbis.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
לא נחלקו ר"מ וחכמים על הגלודה שפסולה
It was asked: Does this mean, a long thin strip [along the entire backbone], so that when rolled up it would be the size of a sela', or does it mean, [a strip] the width of a sela' along the entire backbone? - Come and hear, for R'Nehorai explained it on the authority of Samuel to mean, [a strip] the width of a sela' along the entire backbone.
אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק
R'Jannai son of R'Ishmael raised this question: What if the skin along the entire backbone was gone but all the rest of it remained, or if the skin at the navel was gone but all the rest of it remained, or if the skin at the top of each joint was gone but all the rest of it remained? - This remains undecided.
מאי לא נחלקו לא עמד רבי מאיר במחלוקתו:
Rab said: Any [remnant of] skin anywhere [the size of a sela'] saves [the animal from being declared trefah], except the skin around the hoofs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the skin of the nethermost limb of either the fore-legs or the hind legs; v. infra 122a. This skin is quite tender and is regarded as flesh and not as hide; consequently such skin would not save the animal from being declared trefah.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
על פני השדרה כולה
- He replied: 'Do not weary me [with your arguments], for I taught that as the opinion of an individual.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The opinion in the Mishnah quoted agrees with the second opinion in the following Baraitha, but is not the accepted law.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
דאריך וקטין דכי מצרף לה הוי כסלע או דלמא ברוחב סלע על פני השדרה כולה
If a man slaughtered a burnt-offering purposing to burn an olive's bulk of the skin from under the fat tail<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to this view this is the only skin that is regarded as flesh.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
מקום טיבורו
stated in the name of R'Simeon, [If a man while slaughtering a burnt-offering purposed to burn] either the skin around the hoofs, or the skin of the head of a young calf,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., only so long as it sucks from the dam.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
בעי רבי ינאי בר' ישמעאל
or the skin from under the fat tail, or any of the skins which were enumerated by the Sages in connection with the law of uncleanness when they stated that 'In the following cases the skin is as the flesh'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 122a.');"><sup>25</sup></span>