Eruvin 124

אמר מר חצירו של עכו"ם הרי הוא כדיר של בהמה והא אנן תנן הדר עם העכו"ם בחצר הרי זה אוסר עליו

The Master said: 'A heathen's courtyard has the same status as a cattle-pen'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From which it follows that a heathen can impose no restrictions upon an individual Israelite if the latter is the only other tenant in their Joint courtyard. Only an Israelite imposes restrictions on other Israelites in connection with the movement of objects from and into the heathen's house.');">¹</span> Did we not, however, learn: IF A MAN LIVES IN A COURTYARD WITH A HEATHEN. EITHER OF THEM CAUSES HIM TO BE RESTRICTED?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows, contrary to the ruling in the Baraitha cited (cf. prev. n.) , that a heathen imposes restrictions upon an Israelite even where the latter is the only other tenant in their joint courtyard. How than are the two rulings to be reconciled?');">²</span> - This is no difficulty, since the latter<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows, contrary to the ruling in the Baraitha cited (cf. prev. n.) , that a heathen imposes restrictions upon an Israelite even where the latter is the only other tenant in their joint courtyard. How than are the two rulings to be reconciled?');">²</span>

לא קשיא הא דאיתיה הא דליתיה

deals with the case of a heathen who was at home<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the Sabbath in question.');">³</span> while the former<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From which it follows that a heathen can impose no restrictions upon an individual Israelite if the latter is the only other tenant in their Joint courtyard. Only an Israelite imposes restrictions on other Israelites in connection with the movement of objects from and into the heathen's house.');">¹</span> deals with one who was not at home.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the Sabbath in question.');">³</span> But what principle does he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The author of the Baraitha.');">⁴</span>

ומאי קסבר אי קסבר דירה בלא בעלים שמה דירה אפי' עכו"ם נמי ניתסר ואי קסבר דירה בלא בעלים לא שמה דירה אפילו ישראל נמי לא ניתסר

adopt? If he is of the opinion that a dwelling house without an occupier is legally a valid dwelling, should not even a heathen<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though away from home.');">⁵</span> impose restrictions;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of course he should, since his absence does not in any way affect the validity of his tenancy.');">⁶</span> and if he is of the opinion that a dwelling house without an occupier is legally no valid dwelling should not an Israelite<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If away from his home; since the validity of his tenancy is impaired by his absence.');">⁷</span>

לעולם קסבר דירה בלא בעלים לא שמה דירה וישראל דכי איתיה אסר כי ליתיה גזרו ביה רבנן

also impose no restrictions? He,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The author of the Baraitha.');">⁸</span> in fact, holds the view that a dwelling house without an occupier is legally no valid dwelling; but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In reply to the objection raised (cf. prev. n.) .');">⁹</span> in the case of an Israelite, who imposes restrictions when he is at home,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of the legal validity of his tenancy.');">¹⁰</span>

עכו"ם דכי איתיה גזירה שמא ילמד ממעשיו כי איתיה אסר כי ליתיה לא אסר

the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to prevent an infringement of the law when he is at home.');">¹¹</span> have enacted a preventive measure where he is away; while in the case of a heathen who, even when at home, imposes restrictions merely as a preventive measure lest the Israelite learn to imitate his deeds<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra 62a.');">¹²</span> it was enacted that he imposes restrictions only when he is at home but not in his absence. But does he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A heathen tenant.');">¹³</span>

וכי ליתיה לא אסר והתנן המניח את ביתו והלך לו לשבות בעיר אחרת אחד נכרי ואחד ישראל אוסר דברי רבי מאיר

not impose restrictions when he is absent? Have we not in fact learnt: If a man left his house and went to spend the Sabbath in another town, whether he was a gentile or an Israelite, his share imposes restrictions;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the other tenants of the courtyard.');">¹⁴</span> so R'Meir?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 47a, infra 86a.');">¹⁵</span> - There<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 47a, infra 86a.');">¹⁵</span>

התם דאתי ביומיה

it is a case where he returns on the same day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where, for instance, during the first part of he Sabbath he was not far away from his home. If no restrictions upon his fellow tenants had been imposed, even in his absence, they might, after his return, unconsciously have continued the unrestricted use of their courtyard which they enjoyed since the day began. Where, however, the heathen is unable to return on the same day no such precaution is necessary and consequently no restrictions were imposed.');">¹⁶</span> Rab Judah stated in the name of Samuel: The halachah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Halachah, sc. the ruling may be promulgated in a public discourse. V. following nn.');">¹⁷</span> is in agreement with R'Eliezer B'Jacob; R'Huna stated: The custom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Minhag, i.e., the ruling may not publicly be announced (cf. prev. n.) but is to be communicated privately to anyone seeking the information.');">¹⁸</span> is in agreement with the ruling of R'Eliezer B'Jacob; while R'Johanan stated: The public act<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Nahagu (cf. prev. two notes) , i.e., the ruling may not be communicated even in private, but if any person acted in agreement with it no objection may be raised against him.');">¹⁹</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי אליעזר בן יעקב ורב הונא אמר מנהג כרבי אליעזר בן יעקב ור' יוחנן אמר נהגו העם כר' אליעזר בן יעקב

in agreement with the ruling of R'Eliezer B'Jacob. Said Abaye to R'Joseph: We have a tradition, that 'the teaching of R'Eliezer B'Jacob is small in quantity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kab (v. Glos.) , i.e., his rulings in the Mishnah are only few.');">²⁰</span> but well sifted';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'clear', I.e., the halachah is always in agreement with his rulings.');">²¹</span> and Rab Judah also laid down in the name of Samuel, 'The halachah is in agreement with R'Eliezer B'Jacob;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra.');">²²</span>

א"ל אביי לרב יוסף קי"ל משנת רבי אליעזר בן יעקב קב ונקי ואמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי אליעזר בן יעקב

is it then permitted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the ruling is so unquestionably authoritative.');">²³</span> to a disciple<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who in ordinary cases must not venture to give a decision in a locality that is under his Master's jurisdiction.');">²⁴</span> to give a ruling accordingly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In agreement with R. Eliezer b. Jacob (v. our Mishnah) . ukhpt');">²⁵</span> in a district that i under the jurisdiction of his Master? - 'Even',the other replied, on the question of the permissibility of eating an egg<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A perfectly developed egg found in a slaughtered fowl (so Tosaf. s.v. a.l.) . The question whether a properly laid egg may be eaten with milk (cf. following n.) could, of course, never arise (v. however, Rashi) .');">²⁶</span>

מהו לאורויי במקום רבו

with kutha,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A preserve containing milk.');">²⁷</span> which I<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. and Bah. Cur. edd. 'they'.');">²⁸</span> have been asking him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To test his loyalty to his Master. cr');">²⁹</span> throughout the lifetime of R'Huna,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose colleague and disciple he was (cf. Tosaf s.v. a.l.) .');">³⁰</span>

א"ל אפילו ביעתא בכותחא בעו מיניה מרב חסדא כל שני דרב הונא ולא אורי

R'Hisda gave me<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reading of MS.M. and Bah. Cur. edd. omit.');">³¹</span> no decision'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the answer was quite simple and obvious (cf. Bezah 6b) and could be supplied by a mere tiro.');">³²</span> R'Jacob B'Abba asked Abaye: Is it permitted to a disciple in a district under his Master's jurisdiction to give a ruling that was as authoritative as those contained in the Scroll of Fast-Days,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Megillath Ta'anith, a scroll (the only halachic collection which the Rabbis of the Talmud had in a written form) containing a record of the days of the year on which fasting and mourning were forbidden; v. Ta'an., Sonc. ed., p. 70f.');">³³</span> which is a written and generally accepted document?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that is written and lying'.');">³⁴</span>

א"ל ר' יעקב בר אבא לאביי כגון מגלת תענית דכתיבא ומנחא מהו לאורויי באתרי דרביה א"ל הכי א"ר יוסף אפי' ביעתא בכותחא בעו מיניה מרב חסדא כל שני דרב הונא ולא אורי

- Thus, the other replied, said R'Joseph: Even on the question of the permissibility of eating an egg<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A perfectly developed egg found in a slaughtered fowl (so Tosaf. s.v. a.l.) . The question whether a properly laid egg may be eaten with milk (cf. following n.) could, of course, never arise (v. however, Rashi) .');">²⁶</span> with kutha,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A preserve containing milk.');">²⁷</span> which I<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. and Bah. Cur. edd. 'they'.');">²⁸</span> have been asking him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To test his loyalty to his Master. cr');">²⁹</span>

רב חסדא אורי בכפרי בשני דרב הונא

throughout the lifetime of R'Huna,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose colleague and disciple he was (cf. Tosaf s.v. a.l.) .');">³⁰</span> R'Hisda gave me<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose colleague and disciple he was (cf. Tosaf s.v. a.l.) .');">³⁰</span> no decision. R'Hisda decided legal questions at Kafri<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A place in Babylon that was not subject to the direct jurisdiction of R. Huna (v. following note) .');">³⁵</span> in the lifetime of R'Huna.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who resided in another part of Babylon at Pumbeditha (Rashi) . [Obermeyer p. 317: Sura, south of which lay Kafri.]');">³⁶</span>