Menachot 126

וכי נאמר קרבן קרבן שני פעמים והלא לא נאמר אלא קרבן אחד ונאמר בו חלות ורקיקין

Is the term 'offering' stated twice in the verse?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To suggest that the cakes constitute a separate offering and the wafers a separate offering.');">¹</span> 'Offering' is stated only once, and concerning it are mentioned cakes and wafers; so that if he so desires he may bring cakes or he may bring wafers or he may 'bring half in cakes and half in wafers.

מעתה רצה להביא חלות מביא רקיקין מביא מחצה חלות ומחצה רקיקין מביא ובוללן וקומץ משניהם ואם קמץ ועלה בידו מאחד על שניהם יצא

He must mingle them [with oil] and the handful must be taken from the two [kinds].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cakes and the wafers must be crushed fine and mixed together, then mingled with oil, and the handful taken from the mixture which contains the two kinds.');">²</span> If when taking the handful there came into his hand only one of the two [kinds], it is valid.

רבי יוסי ב"ר יהודה אומר מנין לאומר הרי עלי מנחת מאפה שלא יביא מחצה חלות ומחצה רקיקין תלמוד לומר (ויקרא ז, ט) וכל מנחה אשר תאפה כתנור וכל נעשה במרחשת ועל מחבת לכהן המקריב אותה לו תהיה וכל מנחה בלולה בשמן וחרבה לכל בני אהרן תהיה

R'Jose son of R'Judah says, Whence do I know that if a man said, 'I take upon myself [to offer] a baked meal-offering', he may not bring half in cakes and half in wafers? Because it is written, And every meal-offering that is baked in the oven, and every [meal-offering] that is prepared in the pan, and on the griddle, shall be the priest's that offereth it.

מה וכל האמור למטה שני מינין חלוקין אף וכל האמור למעלה שני מינין חלוקין

And every meal-offering mingled with oil or dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VII, 9, 10.');">³</span> Just as the term 'every' in the latter cases refers to two distinct kinds,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the marhesheth meal-offering and the mahabath meal-offering in the one case, and the dry meal-offering and the meal-offering mingled with oil in, the other case. There is no doubt at all that part of the one kind of meal-offering cannot combine with part of the other to constitute a valid offering.');">⁴</span>

ורבי יהודה שפיר קאמר ר' שמעון אמר לך כיון דכתיב בשמן בשמן כמאן דכתיב קרבן קרבן דמי

so the term 'every' in the former case refers to two distinct kinds.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the two kinds, cakes and wafers, cannot combine to constitute one offering.');">⁵</span> And what can R'Judah [say]?

ורבי שמעון אי לא כתיב בשמן בשמן הוה אמינא דווקא מחצה חלות ומחצה רקיקין אבל חלות לחודייהו ורקיקין לחודייהו אימא לא קא משמע לן

R'Simeon is quite right in his argument!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the two kinds belong to the same offering since the term 'offering' is stated only once in the verse.');">⁶</span> - [R'Judah] can reply, since the expression 'with oil'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. II, 4.');">⁷</span>

רבי יוסי בר' יהודה היינו אבוה איכא בינייהו דאי עבד:

is stated twice in the verse it is as though the expression 'offering' had been repeated. And R'Simeon, [what would he say to this]? - Had not the expression 'with oil' been repeated I would have said that the offering must consist half of cakes and half of wafers, but not of cakes alone or of wafers alone; we are therefore taught [otherwise].

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך כל המנחות</strong></big><br><br>

Is not the view of R'Jose son of R'Judah identical with that of his father? - There would be a difference between them in the case where one actually did so.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to R. Jose son of R. Judah a baked meal-offering consisting partly of cakes and partly of wafers is absolutely invalid, just as the meal-offering would be invalid if brought partly dry and partly mingled with oil. According to the father, however, if a person brought cakes and wafers for his meal-offering it would be accepted as valid.');">⁸</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>R'ISHMAEL SAYS, ON THE SABBATH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if the second day of the Passover, which is the sixteenth day of Nisan, fell on a Sabbath. As the work in connection with the Omer involved the infringement of the laws of Sabbath, on the Sabbath therefore a smaller quantity of barley was used and fewer men employed.');">¹⁰</span>

מתני׳ <big><strong>רבי</strong></big> ישמעאל אומר עומר היה בא בשבת משלש סאין ובחול מחמש וחכמים אומרים אחד שבת ואחד חול משלש היה בא

THE OMER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tenth of an ephah of barley flour offered as a meal-offering. Cf. Lev. XXIII, 10ff.');">¹¹</span> WAS TAKEN OUT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'came'.');">¹²</span>

רבי חנינא סגן הכהנים אומר בשבת היה נקצר ביחיד ובמגל אחד ובקופה אחת ובחול בשלשה בשלש קופות ושלש מגלות וחכמים אומרים אחד שבת ואחד חול בשלשה בשלש קופות ובשלש מגלות:

OF THREE SE'AHS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which amount to one ephah. This quantity was sifted again and again so as to produce the tenth of choicest flour.');">¹³</span> [OF BARLEY].

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בשלמא רבנן קא סברי עשרון מובחר בשלשה סאין אתי ולא שנא בחול ולא שנא בשבת

AND ON A WEEKDAY OUT OF FIVE. BUT THE SAGES SAY, WHETHER ON THE SABBATH OR ON A WEEKDAY IT WAS TAKEN OUT OF THREE SE'AHS.

אלא רבי ישמעאל מאי קסבר אי קסבר עשרון מובחר לא אתי אלא מחמש אפילו בשבת נמי אי משלש אתי אפילו בחול נמי

R'HANINA THE VICE-HIGH PRIEST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Segan, v. Sanh., Sonc. ed., p. 97, n. 1.');">¹⁴</span> SAYS, ON THE SABBATH IT WAS REAPED BY ONE MAN WITH ONE SICKLE INTO ONE BASKET, AND ON A WEEKDAY IT WAS REAPED BY THREE MEN INTO THREE BASKETS AND WITH THREE SICKLES.

אמר רבא קסבר ר' ישמעאל עשרון מובחר בלא טירחא אתי מחמש בטירחא אתי משלש בחול מייתינן מחמש דהכי שביחא מילתא בשבת מוטב שירבה במלאכה אחת בהרקדה ואל ירבה במלאכות הרבה

BUT THE SAGES SAY, WHETHER ON THE SABBATH OR ON A WEEKDAY IT WAS REAPED BY THREE MEN INTO THREE BASKETS AND WITH THREE SICKLES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to give the matter greater publicity. V. GEMARA:');">¹⁵</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>The opinion of the Rabbis is quite clear, for they hold that a tenth of the finest [flour] can be obtained out of three se'ahs, and therefore it is all one whether it was a Sabbath or a weekday.

אמר רבה ר' ישמעאל ור' ישמעאל בנו של ר' יוחנן בן ברוקה אמרו דבר אחד דתניא ארבעה עשר שחל להיות בשבת מפשיט את הפסח עד החזה דברי רבי ישמעאל בנו של ר' יוחנן בן ברוקה וחכמים אומרים עד שיפשיט את כולו

But what can be the opinion of R'Ishmael? If he holds that a tenth of the finest [flour] can be obtained only out of five se'ahs, then on a Sabbath too [five should be necessary]; and if it can be obtained out of three se'ahs then on weekday too [three should be sufficient]! - Raba said, R'Ishmael is of the opinion that a tenth of the finest [flour] can be obtained out of five se'ahs without much labour, but with much labour out of three.

מי לא אמר ר' ישמעאל בנו של ר' יוחנן בן ברוקה התם כל היכא דאפשר לא טרחינן הכא נמי כיון דאפשר לא טרחינן

On a weekday, therefore, it is taken out of five se'ahs, as this would give the best results;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since only the choicest of each se'ah would be taken.');">¹⁶</span> but on the Sabbath it is better that [the Sabbath be profaned] by one work, namely sifting, [being repeated many times,]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to obtain the finest out of the smaller quantity of three se'ahs.');">¹⁷</span>

ממאי דלמא עד כאן לא קאמר ר' ישמעאל הכא אלא דליכא בזיון קדשים אבל התם דאיכא בזיון קדשים

rather than by many works [being performed once only].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the extra two se'ahs would entail the infringement of many acts of works on the Sabbath, such as reaping, winnowing, cleaning, grinding, etc.');">¹⁸</span> Rabbah said, R'Ishmael and R'Ishmael the son of R'Johanan B'Beroka both hold the same view. For it was taught: If the fourteenth of Nisan fell on a Sabbath, one should flay the Passover-offering only as far as the breast:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., sufficient only to take out from the lamb the sacrificial portions. Since the rest of the saying is only for the purpose of preparing the meat for the table it must be left over till the evening.');">¹⁹</span> such is the opinion of R'Ishmael the son of R'Johanan B'Beroka. But the Sages say, One should flay the whole of it. Now did not R'Ishmael the son of R'Johanan B'Beroka say there that where it is possible [to manage with a little] we must not trouble to do more on the Sabbath? Here, too, since it is possible [to manage with less] we must not trouble [to do more on the Sabbath]! Whence [do you know this]? Perhaps R'Ishmael only said so<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That no more than is absolutely necessary may be done on the Sabbath.');">²⁰</span> here, since there is no disrespect to the offering. but there, since there is actual disrespect to the offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By leaving the carcass of the offering, partly flayed, hanging on the hook the whole day until nightfall.');">²¹</span>