Kiddushin 96

אינה לשכירות אלא בסוף ומר סבר ישנה לשכירות מתחלה ועד סוף

Wages are a liability only at the end;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the work is returned the whole wages become a simultaneous liability; hence there is no debt, and the betrothal is valid.');">¹</span> whilst the other holds that wages are a liability from beginning to end.

ואיבעית אימא דכ"ע ישנה לשכירות מתחלה ועד סוף ומקדש במלוה אינה מקודשת והכא באומן קונה בשבח כלי קמיפלגי מר סבר אומן קונה בשבח כלי ומר סבר אין אומן קונה בשבח כלי

Alternatively, all hold that wages are a liability from beginning to end, and that betrothal by debt is invalid, but here they dispute whether an artisan gains a title to the improvement of the utensil; one Master holds that an artisan does acquire title to the improvement of the utensil, and the other holds that an artisan does not acquire title to the improvement of the utensil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When a man is employed by the hour, day, etc., all agree that his wages are a liability from beginning to end. Here, however, we deal with a case where he contracted for the work irrespective of time. In respect to this we have two views: one view is that the artisan acquires title to the increase in the value of the material upon which he works as a result of the improvements he effects, and when he gives it back, he is really selling it for the agreed cost of his labour. Hence, the woman is betrothed, since she receives something for which she would have to pay now. The other view is that he does not so acquire; consequently, his wages are a liability and debt, just as those of a time worker; and so she is not betrothed.');">²</span> Alternatively, all hold that an artisan does not obtain a title to the improvement of the utensil, and that wages are a liability from beginning to end, and that betrothal with debt is not valid, but the circumstances here are that he added a particle [of metal] of his own: one Master holds, [When one betroths a woman with a] debt and a perutah, her mind is set upon the perutah;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His labour is a debt, whilst his own additional material is certainly like a coin given now. Since we assume that her mind is set upon the perutah, she is betrothed.');">³</span>

ואי בעית אימא דכ"ע אין אומן קונה בשבח כלי וישנה לשכירות מתחלה ועד סוף ומקדש במלוה אינה מקודשת והכא במאי עסקינן כגון שהוסיף לה נופך משלו דמר סבר מלוה ופרוטה דעתיה אפרוטה ומר סבר דעתיה אמלוה

the other holds, her mind is set upon the debt.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because its value exceeds his small addition.');">⁴</span> And [they differ] in the [same] dispute as the following Tannaim.

ובפלוגתא דהני תנאי דתניא בשכר שעשיתי עמך אינה מקודשת בשכר שאעשה עמך מקודשת ר' נתן אומר בשכר שאעשה עמך אינה מקודשת וכל שכן בשכר שעשיתי עמך

For it was taught: '[Be thou betrothed unto me] with the wage [owing to me] for the work I have done for thee, ' she is not betrothed; with 'the wage for what I will do for thee,' she is betrothed R'Nathan said: 'With the wage for what I will do for thee,' she is not betrothed; how much more so, 'with the wage [owing to me] for the work I have done for thee.' R'Judah the Prince said: In truth it was stated, whether [he declared], 'with the wage for what I have done,' or 'with the wage for what I will do for thee,' she is not betrothed; yet if he adds a consideration of his own, she is betrothed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This proves that in R. Nathan's opinion she is not betrothed even then.');">⁵</span>

רבי יהודה הנשיא אומר באמת אמרו בין בשכר שעשיתי בין בשכר שאעשה עמך אינה מקודשת ואם הוסיף לה נופך משלו מקודשת

The first Tanna and R'Nathan differ in respect to wages.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether they are a liability from beginning to end or only at the end, but if the work is already done and in her possession, it is certainly a debt, on all views.');">⁶</span> R'Nathan and R'Judah the Prince differ in respect to [betrothal by] debt and a perutah: one holds that then her mind is set upon the debt, whereas the other holds that it is set upon the perutah.

בין ת"ק לרבי נתן איכא בינייהו שכירות בין רבי נתן לר' יהודה הנשיא איכא בינייהו מלוה ופרוטה מר סבר מלוה ופרוטה דעתיה אמלוה ומר סבר דעתיה אפרוטה

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>[IF A MAN SAYS TO A WOMAN], BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME WITH THIS CUP OF WINE,' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE OF HONEY, OR 'OF HONEY' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE OF WINE; 'WITH THIS SILVER DENAR,' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE OF GOLD, OR 'OF GOLD' AND IT IS FOUND TO BE OF SILVER; 'ON CONDITION THAT I AM WEALTHY,' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE POOR, OR 'POOR' AND HE IS FOUND TO BE RICH; SHE IS NOT BETROTHED. R'SIMEON SAID: IF HE DECEIVES HER TO [HER] ADVANTAGE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The object being better than described.');">⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> התקדשי לי בכוס זה של יין ונמצא של דבש של דבש ונמצא של יין בדינר זה של כסף ונמצא של זהב של זהב ונמצא של כסף על מנת שאני עשיר ונמצא עני עני ונמצא עשיר אינה מקודשת ר"ש אומר אם הטעה לשבח מקודשת

SHE IS BETROTHED. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: [Where he says] 'Be thou betrothed unto me with this cup' - one [Baraitha] taught: with that and its contents;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is understood to be his meaning, and if they are together worth a perutah, she is betrothed.');">⁸</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ת"ר התקדשי לי בכוס זה תני חדא בו ובמה שבתוכו ותניא אידך בו ולא במה שבתוכו ותניא אידך במה שבתוכו ולא בו ולא קשיא הא במיא הא בחמרא הא בציהרא

another taught; with that, but not with its contents; another taught: with its contents, but not with that itself. Yet there is no difficulty: one refers to water, another to wine, and th third to brine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or, oil. If the cup is filled with water, her mind is set upon the cup, hence that must be worth a perutah. With wine, she thinks of the wine, not the cup; with brine, (or oil) which must remain for some time in the cup, her mind is set upon both (Rashi) .');">⁹</span>

אם הטעה לשבח הרי זו מקודשת ולית ליה לר"ש יין ונמצא חומץ חומץ ונמצא יין שניהם יכולין לחזור בהם אלמא איכא דניחא ליה בחלא ואיכא דניחא ליה בחמרא הכא נמי איכא ניחא ליה בכספא ולא ניחא ליה בדהבא

IF HE DECEIVES HER TO [HER] ADVANTAGE, SHE IS BETROTHED, But does not R'Simeon agree [that if one sells] wine, and it is found to be vinegar, or, vinegar and it is found to be wine, both [the vendo and the purchaser] can retract?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a Mishnah in B.B. 83b.');">¹⁰</span> This proves that some prefer wine and others prefer vinegar.

אמר רב שימי בר אשי אשכחתיה לאביי דיתיב וקמסבר ליה לבריה הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שאמר לשלוחו הלויני דינר של כסף ולך וקדש לי אשה פלונית והלך והלוה של זהב מר סבר קפידא ומר סבר מראה מקום הוא לו

So here too, some are pleased with silver and not with gold?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf.: she may need the silver for its metal.');">¹¹</span> Said R'Shimi B'Ashi: I came across Abaye sitting and explaining this to his son: We deal here with a case where, for example, he said to his agent, 'Lend me a silver denar and go and betroth So-and-so on my behalf,' and he went and lent him a gold denar.

אי הכי התקדשי לי התקדשי לו מיבעי ליה הטעה לשבח הטעהו לשבח מיבעי ליה נמצא מעיקרא נמי דזהב הוה

One Master holds, [He was] particular [about this;]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He wanted to borrow only a silver denar, not gold; hence the betrothal is invalid.');">¹²</span> the other, that he merely indicated the place to him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he intimated to him that he was to betroth that woman with money, but was not particular about the exact coin.');">¹³</span>

אלא אמר רבא אני וארי שבחבורה תרגימנא ומנו ר' חייא בר אבין הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שאמרה היא לשלוחה צא וקבל לי קדושי מפלוני שאמר לי התקדשי לי בדינר של כסף והלך ונתן לו דינר של זהב מר סבר קפידא ומר סבר מראה מקום היא לו ומאי נמצא דקא צייר בבליתא

If so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the reference in the Mishnah is to the agent.');">¹⁴</span> 'BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME' - BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO him is required; IF HE DECEIVES HER TO [HER] ADVANTAGE' - IF HE DECEIVES him TO [HIS] ADVANTAGE is required, 'IT IS FOUND [TO BE OF GOLD]' - but at the very outset it was of gold!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The agent knew full well that he was giving a gold denar.');">¹⁵</span>

אמר אביי ר"ש ורשב"ג ור"א כולהו סבירא להו מראה מקום הוא לו ר"ש הא דאמרן רשב"ג דתנן

- But, said Raba, I and a lion of our company, viz. , R'Hiyya B'Abin, explained it, What are the circumstances here? If she said to her agent, 'Go forth and accept kiddushin on my behalf from So-and-so, who has proposed to me, "Be thou betrothed unto me with a silver denar"'; and went and was given a gold denar. One Master holds [she was] particular [about this]; the other, that she indicated the place to him. And what is [the meaning of] 'IT IS FOUND'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For here too it was thus given at the very outset.');">¹⁶</span> It was wrapped up in a cloth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it was discovered to be gold only upon reaching the woman's hand.');">¹⁷</span> Abaye said: R'Simeon,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., b. Yohai.');">¹⁸</span> R'Simeon B'Gamaliel, and R'Eleazar, all hold that one merely indicates the place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In circumstances similar to the above.');">¹⁹</span> R'Simeon, as stated. R'Simeon B'Gamaliel:' for we learnt: