Kiddushin 62

ומביאו לחיי העולם הבא

and [this] brings him to the world to come!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Jerusalem Talmud amplifies this. A man once fed his father on pheasants (which were very expensive) . On his father's asking him how he could afford them, he answered: 'What business is it of yours, old man; grind (i.e., chew) and eat!' On another occasion it happened that a man was engaged in grinding in a mill, when his father was summoned for royal service. Said his son to him, 'Do you grind for me, and I will go in your stead, the royal service being very hard.'');">¹</span> R'Abbahu said: E.g. , my son Abimi has fulfilled the precept of honour. Abimi had five ordained sons<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ordination (Heb. semichah, lit., 'laying of the hands') was the conferment of authority to exercise Rabbinical functions.');">²</span>

אמר רבי אבהו כגון אבימי ברי קיים מצות כיבוד חמשה בני סמכי הוה ליה לאבימי בחיי אביו וכי הוה אתא רבי אבהו קרי אבבא רהיט ואזיל ופתח ליה ואמר אין אין עד דמטאי התם

in his father's lifetime, yet when R'Abbahu came and called out at the door, he himself speedily went and opened it for him, crying, 'Yes, yes,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., I am coming to open it.');">³</span> until he reached it. One day he asked him, 'Give me a drink of water.'

יומא חד אמר ליה אשקיין מיא אדאייתי ליה נמנם גחין קאי עליה עד דאיתער איסתייעא מילתיה ודרש אבימי (תהלים עט, א) מזמור לאסף

By the time he brought it he had fallen asleep. Thereupon he bent and stood over him until he awoke. It so happened that Abimi succeeded in interpreting, A song of Asaph.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. LXXIX, 1. The whole psalm is a lament for the defilement of the Temple and a series of national disasters. Hence the question arises, surely the superscripture should have been, 'A dirge of Asaph'? By divine inspiration Abimi explained it that Asaph uttered song because the Almighty had allowed His wrath to be appeased by the defilement and other indignities which the Temple had suffered. Otherwise, only the total destruction of His people would have sufficed. So Rashi, quoting some anonymous commentators. Tosaf., quoting the Midrash, explains it otherwise.');">⁴</span>

אמר ליה רב יעקב בר אבוה לאביי כגון אנא דעד דאתינא מבי רב אבא מדלי לי כסא ואמא מזגה לי היכי איעביד א"ל מאמך קביל ומאבוך לא תקבל דכיון דבר תורה הוא חלשה דעתיה

R'Jacob B'Abbahu asked Abaye: 'I, for instance, for whom my father pours out a cup [of wine] and my mother mixes it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their wines were diluted, being too strong to be drunk neat.');">⁵</span> on my returning from the school, what am I to do'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Am I to permit it, or do I fail in the honour due to them?');">⁶</span> - 'Accept it from your mother,' he replied: 'but not from your father; for since he is a scholar, he may feel affronted.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though he loves you and does it willingly, he may feel that his son should not permit a scholar to perform these services for him.');">⁷</span>

רבי טרפון הוה ליה ההיא אמא דכל אימת דהות בעיא למיסק לפוריא גחין וסליק לה וכל אימת דהות נחית נחתת עלויה אתא וקא משתבח בי מדרשא אמרי ליה עדיין לא הגעת לחצי כיבוד כלום זרקה ארנקי בפניך לים ולא הכלמתה

R'Tarfon had a mother for whom, whenever she wished to mount into bed, he would bend down to let her ascend;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By stepping upon him.');">⁸</span> .<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The passage between brackets is omitted in Asheri and Alfasi.');">⁹</span> He went and boasted thereof in the school.

רב יוסף כי הוה שמע קל כרעא דאמיה אמר איקום מקמי שכינה דאתיא אמר רבי יוחנן אשרי מי שלא חמאן רבי יוחנן כי עברתו אמו מת אביו ילדתו מתה אמו וכן אביי איני והאמר אביי אמרה לי אם ההיא מרבינתיה הואי

Said they to him, 'You have not yet reached half the honour [due]: has she then thrown a purse before you into the sea without your shaming her? ' When R'Joseph heard his mother's footsteps he would say: 'I will arise before the approaching Shechinah.' R'Johanan said: Happy is he who has not seen them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His parents, because it is so difficult to honour them adequately. - Of course, he is not to be understood literally. Also, it was a form of self comfort for not having known his parents.');">¹⁰</span>

רב אסי הוה ליה ההיא אמא זקינה אמרה לי' בעינא תכשיטין עבד לה בעינא גברא נייעין לך בעינא גברא דשפיר כותך שבקה ואזל לארעא דישראל

R'Johanan's father died when his mother conceived him, and his mother died when she bore him. And Abaye was likewise. But that is not so, for Abaye said, my Mother told me. ! - That was his foster-mother.

שמע דקא אזלה אבתריה אתא לקמיה דרבי יוחנן אמר לי' מהו לצאת מארץ לחוצה לארץ א"ל אסור לקראת אמא מהו א"ל איני יודע [אתרח] פורתא הדר אתא אמר ליה אסי נתרצית לצאת המקום יחזירך לשלום

R'Assi had an aged mother. Said she to him, 'I want ornaments.' So he made them for her.'

אתא לקמיה דרבי אלעזר א"ל חס ושלום דלמא מירתח רתח א"ל מאי אמר לך אמר ליה המקום יחזירך לשלום אמר ליה ואם איתא דרתח לא הוה מברך לך אדהכי והכי שמע לארונא דקאתי אמר אי ידעי לא נפקי

I want a husband.' - 'I will look out for you.' I want a husband as handsome as you.'

ת"ר מכבדו בחייו ומכבדו במותו בחייו כיצד הנשמע בדבר אביו למקום לא יאמר שלחוני בשביל עצמי מהרוני בשביל עצמי פטרוני בשביל עצמי אלא כולהו בשביל אבא

Thereupon he left her and went to Palestine. On hearing that she was following him he went to R'Johanan and asked him, 'May I leave Palestine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the land,' par excellence, the familiar designation of Palestine.');">¹¹</span> for abroad? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'outside the land'.');">¹²</span>

במותו כיצד היה אומר דבר שמועה מפיו לא יאמר כך אמר אבא אלא כך אמר אבא מרי הריני כפרת משכבו והני מילי תוך שנים עשר חדש מכאן ואילך אומר זכרונו לברכה לחיי העולם הבא

'It is forbidden, he replied.' But what if it is to meet my mother? ' 'I do not know', said he. He waited a short time and went before him again.'

תנו רבנן חכם משנה שם אביו ושם רבו תורגמן אינו משנה לא שם אביו ולא שם רבו אבוה דמאן אילימא אבוה דמתורגמן אטו תורגמן לאו בר חיובא הוא

Assi', said he, 'you have determined to go; [may] the Omnipresent bring you back in peace.' Then he went before R'Eleazar and said to him, 'Perhaps, God forbid, he was angry? ' 'What [then] did he say to you? ' enquired he.' The Omnipresent bring you back in peace', was the answer.'

אלא אמר רבא שם אביו של חכם ושם רבו של חכם כי הא דמר בר רב אשי כי הוה דריש בפירקא איהו אמר אבא מרי ואמוריה אמר הכי אמר רב אשי

Had he been angry', he rejoined, 'he would not have blessed you'. In the meanwhile he learnt that her coffin was coming.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' She died on the way.');">¹³</span> 'Had I known', he exclaimed: 'I would not have gone out.'

ת"ר איזהו מורא ואיזהו כיבוד מורא לא עומד במקומו ולא יושב במקומו ולא סותר את דבריו ולא מכריעו כיבוד מאכיל ומשקה מלביש ומכסה מכניס ומוציא

Our Rabbis taught: He must honour him in life and must honour him in death.' In life', e.g. , one who is heeded in a place on account of his father should not say: 'Let me go, for my own sake', 'Speed me, for my own sake', or 'Free me, for my own sake', but all 'for my father's sake.' 'In death', e.g. , if one is reporting something heard from his mouth, he should not say: 'Thus did my father say', but, 'Thus said my father, my teacher, for whose resting place may I be an atonement.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [May I make atonement for all the punishment in the Hereafter that may have to come upon him. (Rashi) .]');">¹⁴</span>

איבעיא להו

But that is only within twelve months [of his death].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [It is held that punishment in the Hereafter does not extend beyond the first twelve months after death.]');">¹⁵</span> Thereafter he must say: 'His memory be for a blessing, for the life of the World to come.' Our Rabbis taught: A Sage must change his father's name and his teacher's name, but the interpreter does not change his father's name and his teacher's name.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When scholars lectured, they did not speak directly to their audiences, but through the medium of interpreters, to whom they whispered their statements and who in turn spoke them aloud to the assembled congregations frequently with embellishments of their own. Now, the Sage, when whispering to the interpreter a teaching he heard from his father, must not refer to his father by name but by the formula 'my father and teacher'; but the interpreter need not do so.');">¹⁶</span> Whose father? Shall we say, the father of the interpreter?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the Sage cites a dictum of the interpreter's father.');">¹⁷</span> - Is then the interpreter not obliged [to honour his parents]? - But, said Raba, [it means] the name of the Sage's father or the name of the Sage's teacher. As when Mar, son of R'Ashi, lectured at the college sessions; he said [to the interpreter]: My father, my teacher [said thus], whereas his interpreter said: Thus did R'Ashi say.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not: Thus said the Sage's father.');">¹⁸</span> Our Rabbis taught: What is 'fear' and what is 'honour'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to Lev. XIX, 2: Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father; and Ex. XX, 12: Honour thy father, etc.');">¹⁹</span> 'Fear' means that he [the son] must neither stand in his [the father's] place nor sit in his place, nor contradict his words, nor tip the scales against him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Should his father be in dispute with another scholar, his son must not side with his opponent (Rashi) . In J.D. 240, 2, it is translated: he must not make a decision in deference to his view, i.e,, if his father differs from another scholar, he must not even say: I agree with my father. - These last two, however, hold good only in the father's presence, but otherwise he may state his view freely; yet even then, it is preferable that he should avoid mentioning his father's name when refuting his view, if possible.');">²⁰</span> 'Honour" means that he must give him food and drink, clothe and cover him, lead him in and out. The Scholars propounded: