Shabbat 154

גראינין או גרעינין אמר רבא בר עולא (ויקרא כז, יח) ונגרע מערכך

Gar'inin or gar'inin?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kernels: with an alef or 'ayin? (The word occurs in the Mishnah supra 76b.) ');">¹</span> — Raba b. 'Ulla cited: and an abatement shall be made [we-nigra'] from thy estimation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 18. We-nigra' is with an 'ayin, and Raba b. 'Ulla connects gar'inin with this, as the kernels are thrown away and so are an abatement of the edible portion. ');">²</span> The scholars asked: Ommemoth or 'ommemoth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dim, i.e., dying. coals. ');">³</span>

איבעיא להו אוממות או עוממות אמר רב יצחק בר אבדימי (יחזקאל לא, ח) ארזים לא עממוהו בגן אלהים

— R. Isaac b. Adbimi cited: The cedars in the garden of God could not obscure him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XXXI, 8; 'ammamuhu, with an 'ayin — lit., 'keep him dim'. ');">⁴</span> The scholars asked: Did we learn me'amzin or me'amzin?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Mishnah infra 151b. Me'amzin, we close (the eyes). ');">⁵</span> R. Hiyya b. Abba cited: and shutteth ['ozem] his eyes from looking upon evil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXXI, 15; 'ozem, with an 'ayin. ');">⁶</span>

איבעיא להו מאמצין תנן או מעמצין א"ר חייא בר אבא אמר רבי יוחנן (ישעיהו לג, טו) ועוצם עיניו מראות ברע

Our Rabbis taught: When one carries out cow's milk, [the standard is] as much as one quaffs at a time; woman's milk or the white of an egg, as much as is required for putting in an embrocation; collyrium, as much as is dissolved in water.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To paint both eyes. ');">⁷</span> R. Ashi asked: [Does that mean] as much as is required for dissolving. or as much as is required for holding and dissolving?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is dissolved by being crushed in the water. Part remains on the fingers, and R. Ashi asked whether that must be allowed for or not. ');">⁸</span> The question stands over.

ת"ר המוציא חלב של בהמה כדי גמיאה חלב של אשה ולובן של ביצה כדי ליתן במשיפא של קילור [קילור] כדי לשוף במים בעי רב אשי כדי שיפה או כדי אחיזה ושיפה תיקו:

HONEY, SUFFICIENT TO PLACE ON A SCAR. A Tanna taught: As much as is required for putting on the opening of a scab. R. Ashi asked: 'On a scab': [does that mean] on the whole opening of the scab,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The entire surface being referred to as the opening. ');">⁹</span> or perhaps [it means] on the top of the scab,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the first projecting point'. ');">¹⁰</span> thus excluding [sufficient for] going all round the sore, which is not required?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before a penalty is incurred. ');">¹¹</span>

דבש כדי ליתן על הכתית: תנא כדי ליתן על פי כתית בעי רב אשי על כתית אפומא דכולה כתית או דילמא אמורשא קמא דכתית לאפוקי הודרנא דלא תיקו:

The question stands over. Rab Judah said in Rab's name: Of all that the Holy One, blessed be He, created in His world, He did not create a single thing without purpose. [Thus] He created the snail as a remedy for a scab; the fly as an antidote to the hornet['s sting];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A crushed fly applied to the affected part is a remedy. ');">¹²</span> the mosquito [crushed] for a serpent['s bite]; a serpent as a remedy for an eruption. and a [crushed] spider as a remedy for a scorpion['s bite]. 'A serpent as a remedy for an eruption':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This phrase is added in the text by BaH. ');">¹³</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב כל מה שברא הקב"ה בעולמו לא ברא דבר אחד לבטלה ברא שבלול לכתית ברא זבוב לצירעה יתוש לנחש ונחש לחפפית וסממית לעקרב היכי עביד ליה מייתי חדא אוכמא וחדא חיורא ושלקי להו ושייפי ליה

what is the treatment? One black and one white [serpent] are brought, boiled [to a pulp] and rubbed in. Our Rabbis taught: There are five instances of fear [cast] by the weak over the strong: the fear of the mafgia'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'plague'. The Ethiopian gnat (Lewysohn. Zool. d. Talmud, p. 316). Rashi: a small animal that terrifies the lion with its loud cry. ');">¹⁴</span> over the lion; the fear of the mosquito upon the elephant;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Caused by entering its trunk. ');">¹⁵</span>

ת"ר חמשה אימות הן אימת חלש על גבור אימת מפגיע על ארי אימת יתוש על הפיל אימת סממית על העקרב אימת סנונית על הנשר אימת כילבית על לויתן א"ר יהודה אמר רב מאי קרא (עמוס ה, ט) המבליג שוד על עז:

the fear of the spider upon the scorpion;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In whose ear it lodges. ');">¹⁶</span> the fear of the swallow upon the eagle;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: it creeps under its wings and hinders it from spreading them. ');">¹⁷</span> the fear of the kilbith<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A small fish, supposed to be the stickleback. ');">¹⁸</span>

רבי זירא אשכח לרב יהודה דהוה קאי אפיתחא דבי חמוה וחזייה דהוה בדיחא דעתיה ואי בעי מיניה כל חללי עלמא הוה אמר ליה א"ל מ"ט עיזי מסגן ברישא והדר אימרי א"ל כברייתו של עולם דברישא חשוכא והדר נהורא מ"ט הני מכסיין והני מגליין הני דמכסינן מינייהו מכסיין והני דלא מכסינן מינייהו מגליין מ"ט גמלא זוטר גנובתיה משום דאכל כיסי מ"ט תורא אריכא גנובתיה משום דדייר באגמי ובעי לכרכושי בקי

over the Leviathan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Likewise caused by entering its ear. ');">¹⁹</span> Rab Judah said in Rab's name: What verse [alludes to these]? That strengtheneth the despoiled [i.e., weak] over the strong.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Amos V, 9 (E.V. 'that bringeth sudden destruction upon the strong'). ');">²⁰</span> R. Zera met Rab Judah standing by the door of his father-in-law's house and saw that he was in a cheerful mood, and if he would ask him all the secrets of the universe he would disclose [them] to him. He [accordingly] asked him: Why do goats march at the head [of the flock], and then sheep? — Said he to him: It is as the world's creation, darkness preceding and then light.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Goats are dark coloured, while sheep are white! ');">²¹</span>

מ"ט קרנא דקמצא רכיכא משום דדיירא בחילפי ואי קשיא גדיא ומתעוורא דאמר שמואל האי מאן דבעי דליסמיה לקמצא לשלופינהו לקרני' מ"ט האי תימרא דתרנגולתא מדלי לעילא דדיירי אדפי ואי עייל קטרא מתעוורא דשא דרך שם דרגא דרך גג מתכוליתא מתי תכלה דא ביתא בא ואיתיב בה ביקתא בי עקתא

Why are the latter covered, while the former are uncovered?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sheep have thick tails, which cover their hind parts; but goats have a thin tail. ');">²²</span> — Those with whose [material] we cover ourselves are themselves covered, whilst those wherewith we do not cover ourselves are uncovered. Why is a camel's tail short? — Because it eats thorns.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A long tail would become entangled in the thorns. ');">²³</span> Why is an ox's tail long? — Because it grazes in meadows and must beat off the gnats [with its tail]. Why is the proboscis of a locust soft [flexible]? Because it dwells among willows, and if it were hard [non-flexible] it [the proboscis] would be dislocated and it [the locust] would go blind. For Samuel said: If one wishes to blind a locust, let him extract its proboscis. Why is a fowl's [lower] eyelid bent upwards?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: When its eyes are closed the lower eyelid turns upwards and lies upon the upper. ');">²⁴</span>

כופתא כוף ותיב לבני לבני בני הוצא חציצה חצבא שחוצב מים מן הנהר כוזה כזה שוטיתא שטותא משיכלא מאשי כולה משכילתא משיא כלתא אסיתא חסירתא בוכנה בוא ואכנה

— Because it dwells among the rafters, and if dust entered [its eyes] it would go blind.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence this arrangement affords it the most protection. ');">²⁵</span> [The word] Dashsha [entrance] [implies] Derek SHam [there is the way];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reading Dashsha as an abbreviation. The following words are similarly treated. These may be regarded either as examples of popular etymology or merely as jeux d'esprit, not being meant seriously. ');">²⁶</span> Darga [stairs, ladder]; Derek Gag [a way to the roof]; mathkulithat [a relish]; mathay thikleh da [when will this end]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Relishes being used sparingly and lasting a long time. ');">²⁷</span>

לבושה לא בושה גלימא שנעשה בו כגלם גולתא גלי ואיתיב פוריא שפרין ורבין עליה בור זינקא בור זה נקי סודרא סוד ה' ליראיו אפדנא אפיתחא דין ת"ר שלשה כל זמן שמזקינין מוסיפין גבורה ואלו הן דג ונחש וחזיר:

Betha [a house] [implies] Bo we-ethib [come and sit therein]; Biketha [a small house]: Be aketha [a confined narrow house].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi. Jast. s.v. [H] translates rather differently. ');">²⁸</span> Kuftha [an inverted vessel, a low seat]: Kof we-THab [invert it and sit down]; libne [bricks]: libene bene [unto children's children];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., lasting many generations. ');">²⁹</span> huza [prickly shrubbery, hedge]: haziza [barrier]. Hazba [pitcher] [is so called] because hozeb [it draws]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'hews out'. ');">³⁰</span>

שמן כדי לסוך אבר קטן: אמרי דבי ר' ינאי שמן כדי לסוך אבר קטן של קטן בן יומו מיתיבי שמן כדי לסוך אבר קטן וקטן בן יומו מאי לאו אבר קטן דגדול ואבר גדול של קטן בן יומו אמרי לך דבי ר' ינאי לא ה"ק שמן כדי לסוך אבר קטן של קטן בן יומו

water from the river; kuzah [small jug]: kazeh [like this];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Give us a glass of this size to drink'. ');">³¹</span> shotitha [myrtle branch]: shetutha [folly];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' People danced therewith at weddings, and looked fools in doing so! ');">³²</span> meshikla [wash basin]: mashe kulah [washing everybody]; mashkiltha: [wash-basin]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. next note. ');">³³</span>

לימא כתנאי שמן כדי לסוך אבר קטן וקטן בן יומו דברי ר' שמעון בן אלעזר ר' נתן אומר כדי לסוך אבר קטן מאי לאו בהא קמיפלגי דר"ש בן אלעזר סבר אבר קטן של קטן ור' נתן סבר אבר קטן דגדול או אבר גדול דקטן אבל אבר קטן של קטן בן יומו לא לא דכולי עלמא אבר קטן דקטן בן יומו לא

mashya kalatha [washing brides];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A fancy-shaped, probably expensive basin, used by distinguished persons only. ');">³⁴</span> asitha [mortar]: hasirtha [missing];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., carved out. ');">³⁵</span> bukana [a club used as a pestle]: bo we-akkenah ['come, and I will strike it']; lebushah [upper garment]: lo bushah [no shame]. Gelima [a cloak] [is so called] because one looks in it like a shapeless mass [golem].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cut of the arms being covered up. ');">³⁶</span> Golitha [a long woollen cloak] [implies] Galle wethib [roll it up and sit down]; puria [bed] is so called because it leads to procreation [parin we-rabin]; Bur Zinka [a leaping well]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A well which springs forth periodically only to disappear again (Jast.). ');">³⁷</span> Bor Zeh naki [this well is empty;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'clean'. ');">³⁸</span> sudra [turban]: sod adonai lire'aw [the secret of the Lord is revealed to those that fear him];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The turban being worn by Rabbinical scholars; cf. Kid. 8a; Pes. 111b. ');">³⁹</span> Apadna [palace] Apithha Din [at the door is judgment].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., all come — for justice to the King's palace. ');">⁴⁰</span> Our Rabbis taught: Three wax stronger as they grow older, viz., a fish, a serpent, and a swine. OIL, AS MUCH AS IS REQUIRED TO RUB IN A SMALL LIMB. The School of R. Jannai said: Oil, as much as is required to rub in a small limb of an infant one day old. An objection is raised: Oil, as much as is required to rub in a small limb<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Eber Katan. This phrase, used both there and in the Mishnah, may mean either a small limb or a limb of a child (or, infant). ');">⁴¹</span> and [a limb of] a day-old infant. Surely this means, a small limb of an adult, and a large limb of a day-old infant? — The School of R. Jannai can reply: No. This is its meaning: Oil, as much as is required to rub in a small limb of a day-old infant.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'And a day-old infant' is thus taken in the explanative sense, 'even a limb of a day-old infant'. ');">⁴²</span> Shall we say that this is dependent on Tannaim? Oil, as much as is required to rub in a small limb and [a limb of] a day-old infant: this is the view of R. Simeon b. Eleazar. R. Nathan said: As much as is required to rub in a small limb. Now surely they differ in this, R. Simeon b. Eleazar holding a small limb of an infant, while R. Nathan holds a small limb of an adult or a large limb of an infant, but a small limb of a day-old infant [does] not [impose liability]? No. All agree that the small limb of a day-old infant is not [sufficient],